A global, spatially granular techno-economic analysis of offshore green ammonia production

Salmon, Nicholas; Bañares‐Alcántara, René

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133045

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For this analysis, only onshore production resources are considered. While offshore production of ammonia is an ongoing research topic [31], it is likely to be more expensive than onshore ammonia, and has yet to be commercially demonstrated, justifying its omission for the purpose of this model.…”

Section: Green Ammonia Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal fuel supply of green ammonia to decarbonise global shipping

Verschuur,

Salmon,

Hall

et al. 2024

Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain.

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Green ammonia has been proposed as a technologically viable solution to decarbonise global shipping, yet there are conflicting ambitions for where global production, transport and fuelling infrastructure will be located. Here, we develop a spatial modelling framework to quantify the cost-optimal fuel supply to decarbonise shipping in 2050 using green ammonia. We find that the demand for green ammonia by 2050 could be three to four times the current (grey) ammonia production, requiring major new investments in infrastructure. Our model predicts a regionalisation of supply, entailing a few large supply clusters that will serve regional demand centres, with limited long-distance shipping of green ammonia fuel. In this cost-efficient model, practically all green ammonia production is predicted to lie within 40° latitudes North/South. To facilitate this transformation, investments worth USD 2 trillion would be needed, half of which will be required in low- and middle-income countries.

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Section: Green Ammonia Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal fuel supply of green ammonia to decarbonise global shipping

Verschuur,

Salmon,

Hall

et al. 2024

Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain.

Self Cite

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“…), and synthetic natural gas energy storage. 29,57 Ammonia conversion may also be used to expand the applications of hydrogen storage (including with VRE co-location); [58][59][60][61][62] though this is more applicable to seasonal storage or long distance fuel transport via shipping. 63,64 In addition to the aforementioned planned lithium ion attachments, large volumes of hydro storage also exist in Britain.…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), and synthetic natural gas energy storage. 29,57 Ammonia conversion may also be used to expand the applications of hydrogen storage (including with VRE co-location); 58–62 though this is more applicable to seasonal storage or long distance fuel transport via shipping. 63,64…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

British wind farm ESS attachments: curtailment reduction vs. price arbitrage

Atherton,

Akroyd,

Farazi

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…The most economical combination of the above‐described design features depends on many factors including production scale, location, and renewable energy sourcing. Recent systems engineering analysis in this area has focused on understanding and optimizing renewable ammonia production costs in a variety of production settings [9–14] . These studies have demonstrated that (i) combining wind and PV resources can reduce ammonia production costs, (ii) dynamic ammonia production is essential to reducing expensive battery and hydrogen storage capacities, and (iii) renewable ammonia production costs should decrease in the coming decades due to projected electrolysis cost reduction and performance improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Renewable Ammonia Production for a Sustainable Fertilizer Supply Chain Transition

Palys,

Daoutidis

2023

ChemSusChem

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Local renewable ammonia production using electrolytic hydrogen is an emerging approach to alleviate emissions attributed to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer production while also insulating against fluctuations in fertilizer prices and mitigating transportation costs and emissions. However, replacing ammonia currently produced using fossil fuels will not be immediate. To this end, we develop a supply chain transition model, which first optimizes the design and hourly operation of new renewable ammonia facilities to minimize production costs and then optimizes the annual installation timing, production scale, and location of these new renewable facilities along with ammonia transportation to meet county resolution demands. The objective is to augment and eventually replace conventional ammonia market imports in an economically competitive manner. We performed a case study for Minnesota's ammonia supply chain and found that a full transition to in‐state renewable production by 2032 is optimal. This is incentivized by the U.S. federal government's clean hydrogen production credits. This transition results in 99 % reduction in carbon intensity along with stable supply costs below $475 per metric tonne. New renewable production facilities are an order of magnitude smaller than existing conventional plants. They use both wind and solar resources and operate dynamically to minimize expensive battery and hydrogen storage capacities.

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A global, spatially granular techno-economic analysis of offshore green ammonia production

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Optimal fuel supply of green ammonia to decarbonise global shipping

Optimal fuel supply of green ammonia to decarbonise global shipping

British wind farm ESS attachments: curtailment reduction vs. price arbitrage

Optimizing Renewable Ammonia Production for a Sustainable Fertilizer Supply Chain Transition

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