2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.040
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A global perspective on the use, occurrence, fate and effects of anti-diabetic drug metformin in natural and engineered ecosystems

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Cited by 115 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that belongs to the family of biguanides, a group of drugs derived from the guanidine derivative Galega offininalis . Metformin is one of the most used drugs in the world for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . It has a molecular weight of 129.1 g mol –1 , ionization (pKa) of 12.25 and an octanol–water partition coefficient (log K ow ) of −2.48 to −4.92, indicating that the drug is highly soluble in water and that higher amounts may be adsorbed on solids .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that belongs to the family of biguanides, a group of drugs derived from the guanidine derivative Galega offininalis . Metformin is one of the most used drugs in the world for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . It has a molecular weight of 129.1 g mol –1 , ionization (pKa) of 12.25 and an octanol–water partition coefficient (log K ow ) of −2.48 to −4.92, indicating that the drug is highly soluble in water and that higher amounts may be adsorbed on solids .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Trautwein and Kümmerer studied metformin removal in an aerobic suspended growth treatment process obtaining a removal of 51.3%. By using conventional treatment technologies (conventional activated sludge), a removal of metformin has been reported with a range of 59–98.6% . Santos et al carried out studies in a wastewater treatment plant for hospital sewage composed of four full‐scale trickling filters.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, there are other issues that need our attention too. Briones et al 14 extensively described the fate of metformin after it leaves our body and how it appears in wastewater and the environment. In this occasion, metformin may act as a real endocrine disruptor.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%