A gibberellin response complex in cereal alpha-amylase gene promoters.

Lanahan, Michael B.; Ho, Tuan‐Hua David; Rogers, Sally W.; Rogers, John C.

doi:10.1105/tpc.4.2.203

Cited by 136 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…GA-responsive elements can be found associated with a pyrimidine box (also called box 2) and a TATCCAC motif, elements thought to enhance regulation (Lovegrove and Hooley, 2000). Interestingly, sequences related to all three of these components are present in the upstream region of TCH4 but are in a different relative placement and spacing from the transcriptional start site than would be expected based on analyses of GA-regulated genes (Gubler and Jacobsen, 1992;Lanahan et al, 1992). A pyrimidine box is present at Ϫ275/Ϫ268 and a TATCCAC box resides at Ϫ794/Ϫ788.…”

Section: The Regulatory Region Of Tch4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of ArabidopsisTCH4 Expression by Diverse Stimuli. Roles of cis Regions and Brassinosteroids

Iliev

Polisensky

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

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The Arabidopsis TCH4 gene is up-regulated in expression by diverse environmental and hormonal stimuli. Because TCH4 encodes a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, this change in expression may reflect a recruitment of cell wallmodifying activity in response to environmental stress and growth. How diverse stimuli lead to the common response of TCH4 expression regulation is not known. Here, we show that induction of expression by the diverse stimuli of touch, darkness, cold, heat, and brassinosteroids (BRs) is conferred to reporter genes by the same 102-bp 5Ј-untranscribed TCH4 region; this result is consistent with the idea that shared regulatory elements are employed by diverse stimuli. Distal regions influence magnitude and kinetics of expression and likely harbor regulatory elements that are redundant with those located more proximal to the transcriptional start site. Substitution of the proximal regulatory region sequences in the context of distal elements does not disrupt inducible expression. TCH4 expression induction is transcriptional, at least in part because 5Ј-untranscribed sequences are sufficient to confer this regulation. However, 5Ј-untranslated sequences are necessary and sufficient to confer the marked transience of TCH4 expression, most likely through an effect on mRNA stability. Perception of BR is not necessary for TCH4::GUS induction by environmental stimuli because regulation is intact in the BR-insensitive mutant, bri1-2. The full response to auxin, however, requires the functioning of BRI1. Developmental expression of TCH4 is unlikely to be meditated by BR because TCH4::GUS is expressed in BR perception and biosynthetic mutants bri1-2 and det2-1, respectively.Plants are sensitive to a number of abiotic environmental stimuli including light, wind, and temperature. Changes in these environmental conditions often result in rapid and dramatic alterations in plant gene expression, and these molecular responses likely aid plants in acclimating to or withstanding the potential stresses of the environment.There are sets of genes that change their expression level in response to light stimuli (Ma et al., 2001), others that show elevated expression in extreme heat (Sung et al., 2001), and others that are induced in expression by cold (Thomashow, 1999). The existence of distinct gene sets that respond to different stimuli suggests that specific receptors and signal transduction pathways are utilized in response to alterations in light and different temperature extremes to drive distinct gene expression changes.In addition to genes whose expression is regulated in response to a single stimulus, there are genes that are induced in expression by multiple, diverse stimuli. For example, the TCH4 gene of Arabidopsis was originally discovered because of its dramatic response to the seemingly innocuous stimulus of touch (Braam and Davis, 1990). TCH4 encodes a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH, formerly abbreviated XET; Xu et al., 1995; Campbell and Braam, 1998). TCH4 is also up-regulated ...

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Section: The Regulatory Region Of Tch4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of ArabidopsisTCH4 Expression by Diverse Stimuli. Roles of cis Regions and Brassinosteroids

Iliev

Polisensky

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

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“…These elements form regulatory complexes and act in concert for GAor sugar depletion-induced high-level a-amylase gene promoter activity. The GA response complex (GARC) includes the O2S/W box, the pyrimidine box (C/TCTTTT), the GA response element (GARE; C/TAACC/GG/AA/CC/A), and the TA/Amy box (TATCCA) (Lanahan et al, 1992;Gubler et al, 1999;Sun and Gubler, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004). The sugar response complex (SRC) includes the GC box, the G box (CTACGTGG), and the TA box (Lu et al, 1998;Chen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Rice MYBGA and the Gibberellin Response Element Controls Tissue-Specific Sugar Sensitivity of α-Amylase Genes

Chen¹,

Chiang²,

Tseng³

et al. 2006

The Plant Cell

102

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Expression of a-amylase genes during cereal grain germination and seedling growth is regulated negatively by sugar in embryos and positively by gibberellin (GA) in endosperm through the sugar response complex (SRC) and the GA response complex (GARC), respectively. We analyzed two a-amylase promoters, aAmy3 containing only SRC and aAmy8 containing overlapped SRC and GARC. aAmy3 was sugar-sensitive but GA-nonresponsive in both rice (Oryza sativa) embryos and endosperms, whereas aAmy8 was sugar-sensitive in embryos and GA-responsive in endosperms. Mutation of the GA response element (GARE) in the aAmy8 promoter impaired its GA response but enhanced sugar sensitivity, and insertion of GARE in the aAmy3 promoter rendered it GA-responsive but sugar-insensitive in endosperms. Expression of the GAREinteracting transcription factor MYBGA was induced by GA in endosperms, correlating with the endosperm-specific aAmy8 GA response. aAmy8 became sugar-sensitive in MYBGA knockout mutant endosperms, suggesting that the MYBGA-GARE interaction overrides the sugar sensitivity of aAmy8. In embryos overexpressing MYBGA, aAmy8 became sugar-insensitive, indicating that MYBGA affects sugar repression. a-Amylase promoters active in endosperms contain GARE, whereas those active in embryos may or may not contain GARE, confirming that the GARE and GA-induced MYBGA interaction prevents sugar feedback repression of endosperm a-amylase genes. We demonstrate that the MYBGA-GARE interaction affects sugar feedback control in balanced energy production during seedling growth and provide insight into the control mechanisms of tissue-specific regulation of a-amylase expression by sugar and GA signaling interference.

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“…After bombarding, aleurone tissues were incubated on filter paper soaked with water (control), 10 μM ABA or 1 μM GA 3 containing 10 mM CaCl 2 , 50 U/ml nystatin and 150 μg/ml cefotaxime at 24°C for 48 hours. Preparation of extracts and GUS assays were conducted according to the procedure described by Lanahan et al (1992). For the quantitative assay using 4-methyl-umbelliferyl β-D-glucuronide (MUG, Sigma), the tissue extract for each treatment was prepared from ten pieces by the method of Utsugi et al (2006).…”

Section: Transient Expression Analysis In Wheat Aleuronementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional properties of Viviparous1 genes in dormant wheat

et al. 2008

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Viviparous 1 (Vp1) of maize is known to encode a transcription factor VP1 that controls seed germination. Hexaploid wheat possesses three Vp1 homoeologues (TaVp1): TaVp-A1, . In this study, we attempted to characterize the molecular properties of TaVp1 in a highly dormant wheat cultivar, Minamino-komugi (Minamino). The seeds of Minamino showed much higher sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of ABA on germination than those of non-dormant cultivars, Sanin-1 and Tozan-18. The sequence analyses of cDNAs also revealed that some of TaVp-A1 transcripts and TaVp-D1 transcripts were spliced incorrectly, presumably resulting in production of truncated or deleted proteins. Most TaVp-B1 transcripts were spliced correctly, but some had an additional 3-bp (AAG) insertion in the B3 domain, which may not affect their function. RT-PCR analyses showed that TaVp1 was highly expressed in Minamino embryos in maturing seeds but much less in roots and leaves of seedlings. The level of TaVp1 mRNA was high when the embryos were treated with ABA but markedly decreased in water-imbibed mature embryos whose dormancy had been broken. Expression analyses of the individual homoeologues showed that the level of TaVp-A1 transcripts was highest in embryos of DAP 20 but much lower in the matured embryos. TaVp-B1 was highly expressed in developing and maturing seed embryos, while TaVp-D1 mRNA existed at lower levels in developing embryos but increased as the seeds were matured. These results suggest that the majority of TaVp1, especially TaVp-B1, are properly spliced and may function as a transcription factor playing an important role on dormancy in Minamino. By employing an efficient transient expression system using diploid wheat seeds, we confirmed the dual function of TaVP-B1: the activation of Em expression and the repression of α-amylase expression.

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A gibberellin response complex in cereal alpha-amylase gene promoters.

Cited by 136 publications

References 23 publications

Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of ArabidopsisTCH4 Expression by Diverse Stimuli. Roles of cis Regions and Brassinosteroids

Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of ArabidopsisTCH4 Expression by Diverse Stimuli. Roles of cis Regions and Brassinosteroids

Interaction between Rice MYBGA and the Gibberellin Response Element Controls Tissue-Specific Sugar Sensitivity of α-Amylase Genes

Structural and functional properties of Viviparous1 genes in dormant wheat

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