“…By the Frobenius theorem, if ∆ is the distribution spanned by the two vector fields of Σ, the system is holonomic if ∆ is involutive under Lie bracketing, a condition that is not satisfied by (1). Due to these challenges, the path following problem has been attacked by several researchers from many angles, ranging from classical control approaches (Altafini, 1999;Kamga & Rachid, 1997;Kanayama & Fahroo, 1997), to nonlinear control methodologies (Altafini, 2002;Egerstedt et al, 1998;Koh & Cho, 1994;Samson, 1995;Wit et al, 2004) to intelligent control strategies (Abdessemed et al, 2004;Antonelli et al, 2007;Baltes & Otte, 1999;Cao & Hall, 1998;Deliparaschos et al, 2007;El Hajjaji & Bentalba, 2003;Lee et al, 2003;Liu & Lewis, 1994;Maalouf et al, 2006;Moustris & Tzafestas, 2005;Rodriguez-Castano et al, 2000;Sanchez et al, 1997;Yang et al, 1998). Of course, boundaries often blend since various approaches are used simultaneously.…”