A FRET-based fluorescent approach for labetalol sensing using calix[6]arene functionalized MnO₂@graphene as a receptor

Abstract

A turn-on fluorescent sensing platform for labetalol has been developed based on competitive host–guest interaction between p-sulfonated calix[6]arene (SCX6) and target molecule by using SCX6 functionalized MnO2@reduced graphene oxide as a receptor.

Calix[n]arene/Pillar[n]arene-Functionalized Graphene Nanocomposites and Their Applications

“…Based on competitive host-guest recognition, CA-4@RGO and CA-5@RGO were used as a fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of tadalafil and aconitine, respectively. Later in 2016, Ye et al (2016) also reported a facile competitive fluorescent sensing platform by using CA-4-MnO 2 @RGO composite as a receptor. The ternary nanocomposites CA-4-MnO 2 @RGO simultaneously possess the excellent quenching performance of MnO 2 @RGO and the high supramolecular recognition capability of CA-4, which was used as a fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of labetalol in human serum samples.…”

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Systems in Supramolecular Macrocyclic Chemistry

“…In the following part of this review, we’ll provide a comprehensive prospectus on the recent development of FRET materials based on host-guest chemistry. Supreme applications for the novel FRET materials supported by host-guest building blocks will be discussed, including protein assembly [ 38 , 39 ], enzyme assays [ 56 ], diagnosis [ 57 ], drug delivery monitoring [ 41 , 42 ], sensing [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], photosynthesis mimicking [ 48 , 49 ], and chemical encryption materials [ 58 , 59 ] achieved by the collaboration.…”

“…Subsequently, Xie et al published their work on the development of the FRET sensor for labetalol (heart-rate reducer) following the same principle as above. [ 47 ] p -Sulfonated calix[6]arene (SCX6) was selected to be the host molecule and Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the competitive agent ( Figure 5 b). However, they made a remarkable difference by doping MnO 2 on the reduced graphene oxide monosheet to yield MnO 2 @RGO—a fluorescence quencher with higher efficiency.…”

“… Illustrations for ( a ) the sensing of amantadine by the competitive binding against R6G and ( b ) the sensing of labetalol by the competitive binding against R6G, accompanied by fluorescence recovery of the freed R6G; ( c ) Calibration curves of fluorescence intensity of R6G•SCX6-MnO 2 @RGO proportional to added labetalol concentration [ 46 , 47 ]. Copyright 2014 and 2016.…”

“…Remarkably, the integration of FRET effects with host-guest chemistry, as a promising resolution to this hindrance, successfully furnished the association and dissociation of the donor-acceptor pair with extraordinary flexibility and controllability due to the distinct properties of stimuli-responsiveness and the selectivity possessed by host-guest interactions. This breakthrough has astoundingly inspired a variety of applications of FRET, including real-time in vivo monitoring of biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins, and structural manipulation [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], cell imaging, drug delivery [ 41 , 42 ], chemical [ 43 , 44 ] and biological sensing [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], photosynthesis mimicking [ 48 , 49 ], and other relative scientific areas, which we will explore in the following part.…”