“…Table 1 lists the summary CE indicators proposed at different levels and covers three aspects compiled from the literature. The table shows that at the macro level, the CE indicators used to measure CE progress are related to regulations and strategies that could be deployed to enhance the national economy [17], including GDP [15,22,23,24], private investment and value-added [14,24,25,26], number of patents [15], jobs [14,25,26], and the recycling rate of municipal waste [14,22,25,26,27]. Meanwhile, at the meso level, the CE indicator relates to the collaboration of groups of companies with a common goal of increasing economic, environmental, and social efficiency.…”