A flavin-dependent halogenase catalyzes the chlorination step in the biosynthesis of
            <i>Dictyostelium</i>
            differentiation-inducing factor 1

Neumann, Christopher S.; Walsh, Christopher T.; Kay, Robert R.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1001681107

Cited by 63 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recently, a eukaryotic flavin-dependent halogenase ChlA was reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of DIF-1, a polyketide-derived morphogen. [18] Our results not only further gave another example of eukaryotic halogenases involved in polyketide biosynthesis, but also for the first time provided a promising biocatalyst for in vivo or in vitro preparation of both mono-and dihalogenated derivatives from diverse bioactive molecules.…”

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confidence: 85%

A Novel Fungal Flavin‐Dependent Halogenase for Natural Product Biosynthesis

Zeng

Zhan

2010

ChemBioChem

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confidence: 85%

A Novel Fungal Flavin‐Dependent Halogenase for Natural Product Biosynthesis

Zeng

Zhan

2010

ChemBioChem

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“…Nine known flavin-dependent halogenases including Rdc2 (GenBank HQ149729) from Pochonia chlamydosporia ATCC 16683 (Zeng and Zhan 2010), ChlA (DictyBase DDB0306268) from Dictyostelium discoideum (Neumann et al 2010), PyrH (GenBank AAU95674) from S. rugosporus NRRL 21084 (Zehner et al 2005), MibH (GenBank ADK32563) from Microbispora corallina NRRL 30420 (Foulston and Bibb 2010), Thal (GenBank ABK79936) from S. albogriseolus MJ286-76/F7 (Seibold et al 2006), PrnA (GenBank U74493) from Pseudomonas fluorescens (Dong et al 2005), RebH (GenBank CAC93722) from Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243 (Yeh et al 2005), as well as KtzR (GenBank ABV56598) and KtzQ (GenBank ABV56597) from Kutzneria sp. 744 (Fujimori et al 2007).…”

Section: Strains Media and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a tryptophan 6-halogenase from Streptomyces toxytricini

Zeng

Zhan

2011

Biotechnol Lett

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Tryptophan (Trp) halogenases are found in various bacteria and play an important role in natural product biosynthesis. Analysis of the genome of Streptomyces toxytricini NRRL 15443 revealed an ORF, stth, encoding a putative Trp halogenase within a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster. This gene was cloned into pET28a and functionally overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme halogenated both L - and D -Trp to yield the corresponding 6-chlorinated derivatives. The optimum activity was at 40°C and pH 6 giving k (cat) /K (M) value of STTH of 72,000 min(-1) M(-1). The enzyme also used bromide to yield 6-bromo-Trp.

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“…DIF-1 then undergoes intermediate chlorination by the flavindependent halogenase ChlA (Neumann et al, 2010) and becomes methylated by a methyltransferase, DmtA (des-methyl-DIF-1 methyltransferase) (Thompson and Kay, 2000). DIF-1 can induce all prestalk subtypes and stalk cell differentiation in cell monolayers (Morris et al, 1987;Williams, 2006).…”

Section: The Stalk Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Dictyostelium discoideum

Schaap

2011

Development

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SummaryDictyostelium discoideum belongs to a group of multicellular life forms that can also exist for long periods as single cells. This ability to shift between uni-and multicellularity makes the group ideal for studying the genetic changes that occurred at the crossroads between uni-and multicellular life. In this Primer, I discuss the mechanisms that control multicellular development in Dictyostelium discoideum and reconstruct how some of these mechanisms evolved from a stress response in the unicellular ancestor.Key words: Evolution of multicellularity, Social amoeba, Encystation, Sporulation, Dictyostelium IntroductionThe social amoebas, or Dictyostelia, are a group of organisms that become multicellular by aggregation and then proceed to build fruiting bodies that consist of stalk cells and spores (see Glossary, Box 1). This developmental cycle is a response to starvation, and involves both highly coordinated cell movement and a tightly controlled programme of cell differentiation. Social amoebas belong to the supergroup of Amoebozoa (see Glossary, Box 1), a sister group to the clade of Opisthokonts (see Glossary, Box 1), which contains the animals and fungi. All supergroups contain unicellular protist-like organisms (see Glossary, Box 1) and, in several groups, multicellular life forms have evolved independently (Minge et al., 2009).The Amoebozoa supergroup consists mainly of unicellular amoeba-like organisms that have a simple life cycle. The feeding amoeba or trophozoite turns into a dormant cyst when faced with food shortage, drought or other life-threatening circumstances (Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004). Several clades of Amoebozoa have given rise to protostelid-like organisms (see Glossary, Box 1), which form a very simple fruiting body (see Glossary, Box 1) that consists of a single spore that sits on a simple stalk made by the same cell (Shadwick et al., 2009). However, only the Dictyostelia are able to form multicellular fruiting bodies that contain up to a million cells (Fig. 1).There are ~120 known species of Dictyostelia and a molecular phylogeny has been constructed to reveal the order in which they evolved (Schaap et al., 2006). The phylogeny subdivides species into four major groups (Fig. 2), with the model social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum belonging to the most recently diverged group 4. Many species in groups 1-3 can still encyst as single cells when conditions are unfavourable for aggregation. However, group 4 species have lost the ability to encyst. Strikingly, all group 4 species tested secrete cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to act as a chemoattractant for aggregation. This is most unusual, because almost all other organisms only use cAMP inside the cell to transduce the effect of other secreted stimuli, such as hormones, mating factors and neurotransmitters. None of the species in groups 1-3 uses cAMP for aggregation; some use glorin, a modified dipeptide of glutamate and ornithine, whereas others use folic acid, pterin or other as yet unidentified chemoattractants (Schaap e...

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A flavin-dependent halogenase catalyzes the chlorination step in the biosynthesis of Dictyostelium differentiation-inducing factor 1

Cited by 63 publications

References 39 publications

A Novel Fungal Flavin‐Dependent Halogenase for Natural Product Biosynthesis

A Novel Fungal Flavin‐Dependent Halogenase for Natural Product Biosynthesis

Characterization of a tryptophan 6-halogenase from Streptomyces toxytricini

Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Dictyostelium discoideum

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