A Female
            <i>Homo erectus</i>
            Pelvis from Gona, Ethiopia

Simpson, Scott W.; Quade, Jay; Levin, Naomi E.; Butler, Robert F.; Dupont‐Nivet, Guillaume; Everett, Melanie Amber; Semaw, Sileshi

doi:10.1126/science.1163592

Cited by 231 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…This primitive biotype was present not only in colder climates, as predicted by the cylindrical thermoregulatory model proposed by Ruff (1991Ruff ( , 1994, but also in temperate and/or tropical Asia and Africa. Subsequent discoveries in Asia (Rosenberg et al, 2006) and Africa (Grine et al, 1995;Simpson et al, 2008;and see;Trinkaus, 2009 ) support this view. Apparently, this primitive biotype only changed around 200 ka with the emergence of H. sapiens and its slender, narrower, and lighter body (=derived biotype).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stature estimation from complete long bones in the Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain)

Carretero

Rodríguez

García‐González

et al. 2012

Journal of Human Evolution

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stature estimation from complete long bones in the Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain)

Carretero

Rodríguez

García‐González

et al. 2012

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…Conversely, the longer limbs and high crural index in KNM-WT 15,000 may reflect the aligned pressures of locomotor economy and thermoregulation in that population. In addition, the small, broad pelvis from Gona, Ethiopia, dated to between 0.9 and 1.4 mya (Simpson et al, 2008), underscores the importance of neonatal head size and mechanics of parturition in shaping hominin locomotor anatomy, particularly as brain size increased through the Pleistocene. Parsing the independent effects of these and other selection pressures on the hominin locomotor skeleton, as well as identifying patterns of pleiotropy and other non-adaptive change, remains an important goal for those reconstructing hominin locomotor evolution…”

Section: Locomotor Evolution In the Genus Homomentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi hominins

Pontzer

Rolian

Rightmire

et al. 2010

Journal of Human Evolution

148

118

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The Dmanisi hominins inhabited a northern temperate habitat in the southern Caucasus, approximately 1.8 million years ago. This is the oldest population of hominins known outside of Africa. Understanding the set of anatomical and behavioral traits that equipped this population to exploit their seasonal habitat successfully may shed light on the selection pressures shaping early members of the genus Homo and the ecological strategies that permitted the expansion of their range outside of the African subtropics. The abundant stone tools at the site, as well as taphonomic evidence for butchery, suggest that the Dmanisi hominins were active hunters or scavengers. In this study, we examine the locomotor mechanics of the Dmanisi hind limb to test the hypothesis that the inclusion of meat in the diet is associated with an increase in walking and running economy and endurance. Using comparative data from modern humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas, as well as other fossil hominins, we show that the Dmanisi hind limb was functionally similar to modern humans, with a longitudinal plantar arch, increased limb length, and human-like ankle morphology. Other aspects of the foot, specifically metatarsal morphology and tibial torsion, are less derived and similar to earlier hominins. These results are consistent with hypotheses linking hunting and scavenging to improved walking and running performance in early Homo. Primitive retentions in the Dmanisi foot suggest that locomotor evolution continued through the early Pleistocene. Dear Author, Any queries or remarks that have arisen during the processing of your manuscript are listed below and highlighted by flags in the proof. Please check your proof carefully and mark all corrections at the appropriate place in the proof (e.g., by using on-screen annotation in the PDF file) or compile them in a separate list.For correction or revision of any artwork, please consult http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.Articles in Special Issues: Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added (in the list and text) to any references to other articles in this Special Issue.Uncited references: References that occur in the reference list but not in the text e please position each reference in the text or delete it from the list.Missing references: References listed below were noted in the text but are missing from the reference list e please make the list complete or remove the references from the text. Location in articleQuery / remark Please insert your reply or correction at the corresponding line in the proof Q1Kindly check the affiliations. Q2Please check the hierarchy of section headings. Q3The following references have been changed to match the reference list: " Hermann et al., 1998" to "Hermann and Egund, 1998""Geissman (1986" to "Geissmann (1986)""Harcourt-Smith and Aeillo, 2004" to "Harcourt-Smith and Aiello, 2004". Please verify. Q4Please check the placement of footnotes citations 1e4 have been made at the end of the sentence "Parsing the independent effects." Please c...

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“…The primitive platypelloid birth canal suggests that these hominins would have also retained the presumed primitive non-rotational birth mechanism of the australopithecines [2,60,74]. However, some expansion in relative A-P dimensions of the birth canal did occur, primarily through upward rotation of the pubic rami (figure 3; [60,82]). This enlargement is probably related to an increase in neonatal brain size.…”

Section: (A) Early Homomentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation

Gruss

Schmitt

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

145

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The fossil record of the human pelvis reveals the selective priorities acting on hominin anatomy at different points in our evolutionary history, during which mechanical requirements for locomotion, childbirth and thermoregulation often conflicted. In our earliest upright ancestors, fundamental alterations of the pelvis compared with non-human primates facilitated bipedal walking. Further changes early in hominin evolution produced a platypelloid birth canal in a pelvis that was wide overall, with flaring ilia. This pelvic form was maintained over 3-4 Myr with only moderate changes in response to greater habitat diversity, changes in locomotor behaviour and increases in brain size. It was not until Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and the Middle East 200 000 years ago that the narrow anatomically modern pelvis with a more circular birth canal emerged. This major change appears to reflect selective pressures for further increases in neonatal brain size and for a narrow body shape associated with heat dissipation in warm environments. The advent of the modern birth canal, the shape and alignment of which require fetal rotation during birth, allowed the earliest members of our species to deal obstetrically with increases in encephalization while maintaining a narrow body to meet thermoregulatory demands and enhance locomotor performance.

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A Female Homo erectus Pelvis from Gona, Ethiopia

Cited by 231 publications

References 24 publications

Stature estimation from complete long bones in the Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain)

Stature estimation from complete long bones in the Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain)

Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi hominins

The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation

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