A Fauna De Formigas Em Povoamentos De Eucalipto E Mata Nativa No Estado Do Amapá

Abstract

RESUMO -Um levantamento da fauna de formigas em uma área de mata nativa e em três plantações de Eucalyptus de 6, 20 e 106 meses de idade foi conduzido em agosto de 1992. A amostragem consistiu de 2 transectos de 100 m por área, sendo que ao longo de cada transecto foram dispostas 10 armadilhas pitfall, que permaneceram no campo por 7 dias, após o que, foram substituídas por armadilhas contendo iscas de bolacha, sardinha e açúcar, que permaneceram na área por 1 hora para coleta das formigas. Além disso, para cada área foram feitas coletas manuais sobre o solo, senapilheira, árvores e arbustos por 5 horas não consecutivas.Um total de 121 morfoespécies, distribuídas em 5 subfamílias e 50 gêneros foram coletados. Os índices de Hill calculados indicam que na mata nativa houve uma baixa dominância e alta diversidade de espécies, enquanto nos plantios de eucalipto observou-se uma tendência de diminuição da dominância e aumento na diversidade com o crescimento da floresta. Palavras-chaves:Formicidae; Diversidade; Amazônia; Eucalyptus. Ant Fauna of Eucalipt and Native Forest in the State of Amapá, Brazil.ABSTRACT -This survey of the ant fauna in a native forest and in three plantations of Eucalyptus of 6, 20 and 106 months of age was conducted in August 1992. Sampling consisted of two 100 m transects per area along which 10 pitfall traps were placed for 7 days, after which they were replaced for traps baits with sardines, crackers and sugar laid during one hour per day. In addition hand collecting was performed on soil, litter, trees and shrubs for five non consecutive hours in each area. A total of 121 species belonging to 5 subfamilies and 50 genera was collected. The calculated Hill indices have indicated that in the native area there was a lower dominance and a higher species diversity. In the eucalipt there was a tendency towards reduced dominance and increased diversity as the stands grew older.

Questioning the implementation of habitat corridors: a case study in interior São Paulo using ants as bioindicators

“…This might lead to a community different from a community formed in a native forest, as evidenced in our results and in other studies (e.g. Vallejo et al, 1987;Oliveira et al, 1995). But besides that, we encourage more intensive studies, dealing with other taxa, to elucidate if this difference is applicable to other organisms and to certify if it is due only to geographical effects or if it is indeed driven by a difference in the vegetation cover of FEENA and MSJ.…”

“…The activities of the organisms that occur in litter enclose processes of fundamental importance in a forest ecosystem (Wilson, 1987;Majer and Recher, 1999). It has been clear that the litter of Eucalyptus reforestations (like FEENA) is different and probably less complex than one of a native forest (like MSJ) (Vallejo et al, 1987;Oliveira et al, 1995;Lima, 1996, Majer andRecher, 1999; but see Marinho et al, 2002). Farther than Eucalyptus cultivation being a potential cause of erosion, some studies suggest that Eucalyptus has an abiotic effect on the micro fauna of soil (notice that the lowest pitfall efficiency was in FEENA, Table 2).…”

“…Farther than Eucalyptus cultivation being a potential cause of erosion, some studies suggest that Eucalyptus has an abiotic effect on the micro fauna of soil (notice that the lowest pitfall efficiency was in FEENA, Table 2). Others argue that it is not due to the litter per se, but to a microclimatic alteration that the Eucalyptus plantation exerts in the soil once implemented (Vallejo et al, 1987;Oliveira et al, 1995;Lima, 1996;Majer and Recher, 1999). Therefore, if FEENA and MSJ have different litters, certainly it causes a difference in the ant fauna (and perhaps other invertebrates) too, for it is in litter where these animals forage, nest etc (Hölldobler and Wilson, 1990).…”

A comparison of the leaf-litter ant fauna in a secondary atlantic forest with an adjacent pine plantation in southeastern Brazil

“…Previous studies have described how afforestation methods using a single tree species can have a marked negative effect on ant species richness and composition (Majer & Recher 1999Watt et al 2002; the reduction in ant diversity that occurs when original forests are replaced by monocultures has also been verifi ed in Brazil (Oliveira et al 1995, Tavares et al 2001, Marinho et al 2002. In the pine tree forests of the Patagonian steppe (Corley et al 2006) or south eastern Australia (Sinclair & New 2004), ant abundance within pine plantations is lower and species composition signifi cantly impoverished when compared to more pristine habitats.…”

Bioindicadores ambientais: insetos como um instrumento desta avaliação

“…Isso corrobora a hipó-tese de que os ambientes mais complexos podem oferecer melhores condições para a manutenção e sobrevivência de maior número de espécies da mirmecofauna (Andersen, 1986;King et al, 1998;Oliveira et al, 1995;Vasconcelos, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2009). Fatores como a heterogeneidade da serapilheira (Brühl et al, 1998), as condições climáticas (Levings, 1983), a complexidade estrutural e a heterogeneidade da vegetação podem modificar as condições ambientais e, consequentemente, a diversidade da fauna de formigas (Oliveira et al, 2011).…”