A facile, environmentally and friendly flame-retardant: Synergistic flame retardant property of polyurethane rigid foam

Zhang, Wei; Lei, Yun; Li, Xuetian; Shao, Hongmei; Xu, Wendi; Li, Deshun

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127542

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Due to this, many additives such as nanoparticles or fibers have been used as reinforcement fillers for the production of rigid polyurethane foams [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Besides several inorganic fillers, such as nanoclay [9,10], expandable graphite [11][12][13][14], silica [15][16][17][18][19], talc [17,20,21], or polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) [22][23][24][25], the production of composite foams with bio-based fillers from natural recourses has attracted attention due to their environmentally friendly character [26][27][28][29]. Silane treatment ( Figure 2): Silane solution was prepared by dissolving triphenylsilanol in ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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In this work, rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams were prepared by incorporating 2 wt% of eucalyptus fibers. The eucalyptus fibers were surface-modified by maleic anhydride, alkali, and silane (triphenylsilanol) treatment. The impact of the modified eucalyptus fibers on the mechanical, thermal, and fire performances of polyurethane foams was analyzed. It was observed that the addition of eucalyptus fibers showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and the best properties were shown by silane-treated fibers with a compressive strength of 312 kPa and a flexural strength of 432 kPa. Moreover, the thermal stability values showed the lowest decline for polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers, due to the better thermal stability of such modified fibers. Furthermore, the flame resistance of polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers was also the best among the studied composites. A cone calorimetry test showed a decrease in the peak of heat release from 245 to 110 kW∙m−2 by the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. Furthermore, total heat release and total smoke release were also found to decrease remarkably upon the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. The value of limiting oxygen index was increased from 20.2% to 22.1%. Char residue was also found to be increased from 24.4% to 28.3%. It can be concluded that the application of chemically modified eucalyptus fibers has great potential as an additive to incorporate good mechanical, thermal, and fire properties in rigid polyurethane foams.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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“…This can be attributed to the small amount of GO-HCCP, which improves the thermal stability of composites and retards the ignition of PET. 1 TTI is the time to ignition, 2 pHRR and 3 THR are the peak of heat release rate and the total heat release, respectively, 4 pSPR is the peak of smoke production rate, 5 COP and 6 CO 2 P are CO production and CO 2 production, respectively, 7 MEHC is the mean effective heat of combustion.…”

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plays an important part in many fields, including the clothing industry, films and home furnishings, due to its outstanding properties, including outstanding impact strength, high flexibility, good wrinkle resistance, comfort while wearing, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Nevertheless, the high inflammability and the melting drip behavior restrict its further applications, especially in electrical engineering, transportation and aviation [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of PET with Phosphazene Grafted Graphene Oxide for Synthesis, Flammability, and Mechanism

et al. 2021

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Significant improvement in the fire resistance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) while ensuring its mechanical properties is a tremendous challenge. A novel flame retardant (GO-HCCP, graphene oxide-hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of the graphene oxide (GO) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and then applied in PET by an in situ polymerization technique. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a better dispersion of GO-HCCP than GO in the PET matrix. The char yield at 700 °C increased by 32.5% with the addition of GO-HCCP. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), peak smoke produce rate (pSPR)and carbon monoxide production (COP)values significantly decreased by 26.0%, 16.7% and 37.5%, respectively, which indicates the outstanding fire and smoke suppression of GO-HCCP. In addition, the composites exhibited higher elastic modulus and tensile strength without compromising the toughness of PET matrix. These significantly reduced fire hazards properties are mainly attributed to the catalytic carbonation of HCCP and the barrier effect of GO. Thus, PET composites with good flame-retardant and mechanical properties were prepared, which provides a new strategy for further flame retardant PET preparation.

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“…However, the addition of graphite also increases the viscosity of the reaction mixture which may result in the deterioration of mechanical properties [ 32 , 33 , 37 ]. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have focused on finding synergistic effect of expandable graphite (EG) with other additive flame retardants [ 40 , 41 , 42 ] or nanofillers [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. The main mechanism to improve the flame resistance is to increase the char yield [ 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2021

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We investigated the effect of the type and amount of expandable graphite (EG) and blackcurrant pomace (BCP) on the flammability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, physical, and chemical structure of viscoelastic polyurethane foams (VEF). For this purpose, the polyurethane foams containing EG, BCP, and EG with BCP were obtained. The content of EG varied in the range of 3–15 per hundred polyols (php), while the BCP content was 30 php. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the additional introduction of BCPs into EG-containing composites allows for an additive effect in improving the functional properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams. As a result, the composite containing 30 php of BCP and 15 php of EG with the largest particle size and expanded volume shows the largest change in the studied parameters (hardness (H) = 2.65 kPa (+16.2%), limiting oxygen index (LOI) = 26% (+44.4%), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) = 15.5 kW/m2 (−87.4%)). In addition, this composite was characterized by the highest char yield (m600 = 17.9% (+44.1%)). In turn, the change in mechanical properties is related to a change in the physical and chemical structure of the foams as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.

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A facile, environmentally and friendly flame-retardant: Synergistic flame retardant property of polyurethane rigid foam

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Functionalization of PET with Phosphazene Grafted Graphene Oxide for Synthesis, Flammability, and Mechanism

Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

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