“…The widely used optimizers are inspired by nature phenomena, which include genetic algorithm (GA) [25], evolution programming (EP) [26,27], evolution strategy (ES) [28,29], differential evolution (DE) [6,30], ant colony optimization (ACO) [31], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [32][33][34][35][36][37], bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) [38], simulated annealing (SA) [39], tabu search (TS) [40], harmony search (HS) [35,36,40], etc. These optimizers facilitated research into the optimization of the subproblems.…”