A Draft Sequence for the Genome of the Domesticated Silkworm (
            <i>Bombyx mori</i>
            )

Xia, Qingyou; Zhou, Zeyang; Lü, Cheng; Cheng, Daojun; Dai, Fangyin; Li, Bin; Zhao, Ping; Zha, Xingfu; Cheng, Tingcai; Chai, Chun-Li; Pan, Guoqing; Xu, Jianlong; Lei, Chun; Lin, Ying; Qian, Jifeng; Hou, Yong; Wu, Zhengli; Li, Guanrong; Pan, Min‐Hui; Li, Chunfeng; Shen, Yulong; Lan, Xiujin; Yuan, Lianwei; Tian, Li; Xu, Hanfu; Yang, Guangwei; Wan, Yongji; Zhu, Yong; Yu, Maode; Shen, Weide; Deng-jun, WU; Zhang, Xiang; Yu, Jun; Wang, Jun; Li, Ruiqiang; Shi, Jianping; Li, Heng; Li, Guangyuan; Su, Jianning; Wang, Xiaoling; Li, Guoqing; Zhang, Zengjin; Wu, Qingfa; Li, Jun; Zhang, Qingpeng; Wei, Ning; Xu, Jianzhe; Sun, Haibo; Dong, Le; Liu, Dongyuan; Zhao, Shengli; Zhao, Xiaolan; Meng, Qingshun; Lan, Fengdi; Huang, Xiangang; Li, Yuanzhe; Fang, Lin; Li, Changfeng; Li, Dawei; Sun, Yongqiao; Zhang, Zhenpeng; Zheng, Yusheng; Huang, Yanqing; Yan, Xiaoxing; Qi, Qiuhui; He, Dongjian; Huang, Haiyan; Zhang, Xiaowei; Wang, Zhiqiang; Li, Wenjie; Cao, Yuzhu; Yu, Yingpu; Yu, Hong; Li, Jinhong; Ye, Jiehua; Chen, Huan; Zhou, Yan; Liu, Bin; Wang, Jing; Jia, Yue; Hai, Ji; Li, Shengting; Ni, Peixiang; Zhang, Jianguo; Zhang, Yong; Zheng, Hongkun; Mao, Bingyu; Wang, Wen; Wang, Hongzhi; Li, Songgang; Wang, Jian; Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu; Yang, Huanming

doi:10.1126/science.1102210

Cited by 948 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The silkworm is an economically important lepidopteran insect and has a midgut containing a peritrophic membrane (PM) (53). The insect PM is the first barrier to pathogens that are in- antibodies inhibited spore adherence to the host cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction and Assembly of Two Novel Proteins in the Spore Wall of the Microsporidian Species Nosema bombycis and Their Roles in Adherence to and Infection of Host Cells

et al. 2015

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Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites with rigid spore walls that protect against various environmental pressures. Despite an extensive description of the spore wall, little is known regarding the mechanism by which it is deposited or the role it plays in cell adhesion and infection. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of two novel spore wall proteins, SWP7 and SWP9, in the microsporidian species Nosema bombycis. SWP7 and SWP9 are mainly localized to the exospore and endospore of mature spores and the cytoplasm of sporonts, respectively. In addition, a portion of SWP9 is targeted to the spore wall of sporoblasts earlier than SWP7 is. Both SWP7 and SWP9 are specifically colocalized to the spore wall in mature spores. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation, far-Western blotting, unreduced SDS-PAGE, and yeast two-hybrid data demonstrated that SWP7 interacted with SWP9. The chitin binding assay showed that, within the total spore protein, SWP9 and SWP7 can bind to the deproteinated chitin spore coats (DCSCs) of N. bombycis. However, binding of the recombinant protein rSWP7-His to the DCSCs is dependent on the combination of rSWP9 -glutathione S-transferase (GST) with the DCSCs. Finally, rSWP9-GST, anti-SWP9, and anti-SWP7 antibodies decreased spore adhesion and infection of the host cell. In conclusion, SWP7 and SWP9 may have important structural capacities and play significant roles in modulating host cell adherence and infection in vitro. A possible major function of SWP9 is as a scaffolding protein that supports other proteins (such as SWP7) that form the integrated spore wall of N. bombycis.M icrosporidia, which infect numerous vertebrate and invertebrate species, are a specific group of obligate spore-forming, intracellular, and unicellular eukaryotic protists (1). The microsporidian species Nosema bombycis causes pebrine, a disease that was common in Europe, America, and Asia during the mid19th century and still causes heavy losses in silk-producing countries, such as China and India (1). It was first recognized in 1857 by Nägeli (2). Recently, phylogenetic analyses based on conserved proteins (3-5), ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences (6, 7), and complete sequencing of the Encephalitozoon cuniculi genome (8) have suggested that microsporidia, which undergo a highly reductive evolution, are closely related to fungi (9). However, the N. bombycis genome has greatly expanded due to transposable elements and gene duplications (10).The microsporidian spore wall, which is usually comprised of an electron-dense proteinaceous outer layer (exospore) of 25 to 30 nm and an electron-transparent chitinous inner layer (endospore) of 30 to 35 nm, maintains the spore's morphology and helps the mature spore resist the outer environment (11-13). Although chitin is the major component of the spore wall, only one chitin-associated protein has been identified. The chitin deacetylase activity of E. cuniculi (EcCDA) has been confirmed to be expressed during sporogonic stages (14). Currently, the deprot...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction and Assembly of Two Novel Proteins in the Spore Wall of the Microsporidian Species Nosema bombycis and Their Roles in Adherence to and Infection of Host Cells

et al. 2015

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“…Since the nineteenth century, B. mori has begun to serve as a reference or model organism for studies in the life sciences and has contributed many classic paradigms associated with our understanding of genetics and molecular biology [3]. While B. mori remains critically important to sericulture throughout the world, the significance of B. mori has grown with the sequencing and annotation of its genome [4,5] along with the development of genetic technologies that enable the genome to be manipulated. Bombyx mori larvae have also exhibited enormous potential to be used as living 'bioreactors' which, after appropriate genetic modification, can produce valuable proteins, therapeutics and silk-based biomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced technologies for genetically manipulating the silkwormBombyx mori, a model Lepidopteran insect

O’Brochta

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Genetic technologies based on transposon-mediated transgenesis along with several recently developed genome-editing technologies have become the preferred methods of choice for genetically manipulating many organisms. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a Lepidopteran insect of great economic importance because of its use in silk production and because it is a valuable model insect that has greatly enhanced our understanding of the biology of insects, including many agricultural pests. In the past 10 years, great advances have been achieved in the development of genetic technologies in B. mori, including transposon-based technologies that rely on piggyBac-mediated transgenesis and genome-editing technologies that rely on protein-or RNA-guided modification of chromosomes. The successful development and application of these technologies has not only facilitated a better understanding of B. mori and its use as a silk production system, but also provided valuable experiences that have contributed to the development of similar technologies in non-model insects. This review summarizes the technologies currently available for use in B. mori, their application to the study of gene function and their use in genetically modifying B. mori for biotechnology applications. The challenges, solutions and future prospects associated with the development and application of genetic technologies in B. mori are also discussed.

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“…Over the past decades, B. mori has become a model organism in research [5], primarily because it was the first Lepidopteran insect whose genome was fully sequenced [6,7]. Furthermore, early neurophysiological work with B. mori (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and functional analysis of domestication effects on the olfactory system of the silkmoth Bombyx mori

et al. 2014

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The silkmoth Bombyx mori is the main producer of silk worldwide and has furthermore become a model organism in biological research, especially concerning chemical communication. However, the impact domestication might have had on the silkmoth's olfactory sense has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the pheromone detection system in B. mori males when compared with their wild ancestors Bombyx mandarina seems to have been preserved, while the perception of environmental odorants in both sexes of domesticated silkmoths has been degraded. In females, this physiological impairment was mirrored by a clear reduction in olfactory sensillum numbers. Neurophysiological experiments with hybrids between wild and domesticated silkmoths suggest that the female W sex chromosome, so far known to have the sole function of determining femaleness, might be involved in the detection of environmental odorants. Moreover, the coding of odorants in the brain, which is usually similar among closely related moths, differs strikingly between B. mori and B. mandarina females. These results indicate that domestication has had a strong impact on odour detection and processing in the olfactory model species B. mori.

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A Draft Sequence for the Genome of the Domesticated Silkworm ( Bombyx mori )

Cited by 948 publications

References 26 publications

Interaction and Assembly of Two Novel Proteins in the Spore Wall of the Microsporidian Species Nosema bombycis and Their Roles in Adherence to and Infection of Host Cells

Interaction and Assembly of Two Novel Proteins in the Spore Wall of the Microsporidian Species Nosema bombycis and Their Roles in Adherence to and Infection of Host Cells

Advanced technologies for genetically manipulating the silkwormBombyx mori, a model Lepidopteran insect

Anatomical and functional analysis of domestication effects on the olfactory system of the silkmoth Bombyx mori

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