A discussion on the structure and evolution of the Red Sea and the nature of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Ethiopia rift junction - The shear along the Dead Sea rift

Freund, Raphael; Garfunkel, Zvi; Zak, Israel; Goldberg, Moshe; Weissbrod, Tuvia; Derin, B.

doi:10.1098/rsta.1970.0027

Cited by 508 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This range of slip rates is consistent with results from field studies along the DSFS [1][2][3]14]. There is a general agreement that movement on the DSFS has comprised two distinct episodes, although there are debates about the precise timing [9,15,16]. The first probably occurred during the Middle and Late Miocene, with ~60 km of left-lateral displacement documented along the southern DSFS.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The second episode of motion began in the early Pliocene, probably corresponding with the "ridge push" from the onset of sea-floor spreading in the Red Sea [15], and this tectonic system persists through recent times. The total displacement on the southern and northern sections during this later episode are estimated at 45 km and 20 -25 km, respectively [9,16] -much of the difference in displacement may be accommodated by up to 20 km of crustal shortening of the southwestern Palmyride fold belt [18].…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Lebanon and Syria

Gomez

Khawlie

Tabet

et al. 2006

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Section: Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Lebanon and Syria

Gomez

Khawlie

Tabet

et al. 2006

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…The DST has been active since the middle Miocene with a total displacement of 105 km in the south (Bartov et al, 1980;Eyal et al 1981;Garfunkel et al, 1981) and 70-80 km in the north (e.g. Freund et al, 1970;Dewey et al, 1986). However, the analysis of the structural displacement has been proved controversial (Westaway, 2004;Mart et al, 2005).…”

Section: Regional Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Janssen¹,

Hoffmann‐Rothe²,

Bohnhoff³

et al. 2007

Journal of Geodynamics

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We compare fault-related deformation of three segments of the major transform plate boundary between Africa and the Arabian plate, the Dead Sea Transform (DST), namely: the Arava/Araba fault (Jordan/Israel), the Serghaya fault and the Ghab fault (both Syria). These segments show both similarities and marked differences in faulting deformation and fluid-rock interactions. In the case of the Arava fault, fault damage occurs across a zone up to 300 m wide. A fault core/gouge zone is not exhibited.Along the Serghaya fault, the typical fault zone architecture with a main gouge zone and a damage zone of up to 100 m thickness is exposed. Effects of faulting in the Ghab segment are shown by subsidiary faults and the formation of fault breccias. As in the Arava fault segment, a fault core is not exposed. were active along Serghaya fault and Ghab fault, where fault rock cementation led to * Corresponding author. Fax: +49-331-288-1328, E-mail address: jans@gfz-potsdam.de 2 porosity reduction and lower permeability. Such low permeability could create domains of higher pore fluid pressure, which reduce the effective shear stress required for slip on the fault. These differences in fluid-rock interactions may have played an important role with respect to the occurrence of earthquakes. We suggest that the recurrence interval on a fault segment that recovers after an earthquake without fluid assisted healing (e.g. Arava fault) should be longer than on segments with strong fluidassisted healing (cementation; e.g. Serghaya fault, Ghab fault), given that the regional stress field is the same.

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“…The Dead Sea fault system, which strikes NNE-SSW in Lebanon and N-S in westernmost Syria, displays ~105 km offset on its southern segment [Quennell, 1958;Freund et al, 1970], south of Lebanon. This amount of offset is generally accepted [Courtillot et al, 1987].…”

Section: Dead Sea Transform Fault Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal shortening in the Palmyride Fold Belt, Syria, and implications for movement along the Dead Sea Fault System

Chaimov¹,

Barazangi²,

Al-Saad³

et al. 1990

Tectonics

120

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Abstract. The Palmyride fold belt is a northeast-trending, 400 by 100 km transpressive belt in central Syria embedded in the northern Arabian platform, bounded to the north by the Aleppo plateau and to the south by the Rutbah uplift. Palinspastically restored cross sections from three transects across the Palmyride fold belt demonstrate a minimum NW-SE shortening of about 20% or 20 km across the southwestern segment of the belt, diminishing to 1-2 km in the northeast, close to the Euphrates graben system. The cross sections are based on the 1:200,000 scale geologic map of Syria and previously unavailable seismic reflection and well data, all provided by the Syrian Petroleum Company. These results differ significantly from those predicted by kinematic models of Middle East plate motions. In western Syria and eastern Lebanon the Palmyrides obliquely intersect (at about 45°) the roughly north-trending Dead Sea transform fault system. The Dead Sea fault system shows well-documented evidence of 105 km of left-lateral displacement since mid-Tertiary time south of its intersection with the Palmyrides, yet only about 25 km of motion has been documented north of that juncture in Lebanon and western Syria. Thus, kinematic models of Middle East plate motions predict 80 km of shortening in Syria, most of which should be accommodated in the Palmyride fold belt. Several possibilities exist to explain the discrepancy between the 80 km of predicted shortening and the only 20 km of shortening measured from restored cross sections. Restored cross sections offer only minimum shortening estimates, so the calculated 20 km may underestimate shortening. Second, evidence of strike-slip displacement recognized in the field and reported in the literature, and indicated by new focal mechanism solutions of two recent earthquakes in the Palmyrides, indicates that some of the still "missing" displacement may be distributed throughout central and northern Syria as strike-slip motion oblique to the relative northward convergence of the Arabian plate on the Eurasian plate. Alternatively, previous estimates of slip along the northern segment of the Dead Sea transform fault system may be only minimum estimates. A final possibility is that the Dead Sea transform fault in northwestern Syria has been active for only the past 5-6 m.y. or so, implying that it was either nonexistent or moved only slightly before the Pliocene. This would suggest that there is a total of only 45 km of N-S convergence to be found in central and northern Syria, about 25 km on the Dead Sea fault system and about 20 km in the Palmyrides. This last possibility requires that the northern and southern segments of the Dead Sea fault system developed independently during most of the past 15-20 m.y. In light of the documented but unquantified strike-slip motion in the Palmyrides, it seems reasonable that strike-slip motion does accommodate a significant portion of the convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. It is likely, however, that one or more of the other proposed...

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A discussion on the structure and evolution of the Red Sea and the nature of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Ethiopia rift junction - The shear along the Dead Sea rift

Cited by 508 publications

References 8 publications

Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Lebanon and Syria

Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Lebanon and Syria

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Crustal shortening in the Palmyride Fold Belt, Syria, and implications for movement along the Dead Sea Fault System

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