A design-by-contract approach to recover the architectural style from run-time misbehaviour

Abstract

We propose to control the reconfigurations of applications leading to an erroneous state by exploiting its architectural model. Our work relies on Architectural Design Rewriting (ADR, for short) which is a rule-based formal framework for modelling (the evolution of) software architectures. We equip the reconfiguration rules of an ADR architecture with pre-and post-conditions expressed in a simple logic; a pre-condition constraints the applicability of a rule while a post-condition specifies the properties expected of the resulting graphs. We give an algorithm to compute the weakest pre-condition out of a rule and its postcondition. On top of this algorithm, we design a simple methodology that allows us to select which rules can be applied at the architectural level to reconfigure a system so to regain its architectural style when it becomes compromised by unexpected run-time reconfigurations.

Application of Graph Theory in an Intelligent Tutoring System for Solving Mathematical Word Problems

“…In this sense; graph theory applications in mathematics, science and other fields of technology are becoming increasingly important. It is used to solve many complex problems in biochemistry (Butenko & Wilhelm, 2006;Bonnici et al, 2013;Lancia et al, 2001), computer science (Shirinivas, Vetrivel, & Elango, 2010), GSM technology (Pirzada & Dharwadker, 2007), medical education (Giani et al, 2007), mining (Ye et al, 2012), architectural design (Poyias & Tuosto, 2015;Roth & Hashimshony, 1988;Zboinska, 2015), geologic models (Hirsch & Schuette, 1999;Phillips, Schwanghart, & Heckmann, 2015), urban planning (Almeida, Morley, & Dowman, 2007;Foltête, Girardet, & Clauzel, 2014), banking (Lin, Tzeng, & Chin, 2011) and simulation of electrical systems (Šarga et al, 2012;Benchouia et al, 2014). In sum, it is seen that graph theory is being used for the solution of many complex and extensive problems in daily life.…”

Identification of Graph Thinking in Solving Mathematical Problems Naturally

“…The application of graph theory in various fields in daily activities has been widely investigated, and the focuses include computer science (Cvetković & Simić, 2011;Singh & Vandana, 2014), health (Mears & Pollard, 2016;Vecchio et al, 2017), transportation (Lanjewar et al, 2015Nelson et al, 2019), geology model (Phillips et al, 2015), banking (Lin et al, 2011), architecture design (Poyias & Tuosto, 2015;Zboinska, 2015), regional planning (Foltête et al, 2014), biology (Gao et al, 2018;Garroway et al, 2008), and the electrical system (Benchouia et al, 2014;Šarga et al, 2012). In addition, several studies investigated the use of graph theory in learning process in class (Asghari et al, 2012;Medová et al, 2019;Nabiyev et al, 2016;Uyangör, 2019).…”