A Cyber Physical Model Based on a Hybrid System for Flexible Load Control in an Active Distribution Network

Abstract

Abstract:To strengthen the integration of the primary and secondary systems, a concept of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is introduced to construct a CPS in Power Systems (Power CPS). The most basic work of the Power CPS is to build an integration model which combines both a continuous process and a discrete process. The advanced form of smart grid, the Active Distribution Network (ADN) is a typical example of Power CPS. After designing the Power CPS model architecture and its application in ADN, a Hybrid System based model and control method of Power CPS is proposed in this paper. As an application example, ADN flexible load is modeled and controlled with ADN feeder power control by a control strategy which includes the normal condition and the underpowered condition. In this model and strategy, some factors like load power consumption and load functional demand are considered and optimized. In order to make up some of the deficiencies of centralized control, a distributed control method is presented to reduce model complexity and improve calculation speed. The effectiveness of all the models and methods are demonstrated in the case study.

Cyber-physical Power System Modeling for Timing-driven Control of Active Distribution Network

“…Some literatures define the physical laws of controlled object including continuous dynamic and event-driven state as hybrid system [15]. In [16] and [17], the mixed logical dynamic (MLD) [18] based modeling method and the control strategies are studied. Moreover, properties of communication, control, and information flow have also been modeled by logical or discrete form which can be brought into the hybrid system model of controlled object [19].…”

“…The MPC method of ADN flexible load is realized by receding horizon optimization (RHO) in [16], [17]. However, when the information processing is added, the control information is not switched at regular intervals.…”

“…In this section, the flexible load model of ADN for refrigerator in [16], [17] is taken as an example to be controlled with two kinds of HDCS. Table II shows the parameters of flexible loads.…”

“…Here, the parameter matrix B of (1) represents the comprehensive influence caused by outside heat disturbance and refrigeration in each load operation modes. According [16] and [17], (1) can be expanded as (11):…”

Benefits of Energy Management Systems on local energy efficiency, an agricultural case study

“…These simulations are usually written using R, Mathlab or Simulink. Other approaches [16] try to apply their optimization in real time to directly take actions in the real world. We intend to do both.…”