A Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Balancing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

Yessad, Samira; Bouallouche-Medjkoune, Louiza; Aı̈ssani, Djamil

doi:10.1007/s11277-014-2185-1

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This section analyzes the most related work to the proposal of this paper. It first explains such works that are presented in previous studies . Then, it discusses the differences between them and our proposal gives an energy‐efficient object tracking algorithm in WSNs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cross‐Layer Balancing Routing (CLB Routing) proposed in Yaessad et al balances the energy consumption during routing task to enhance the network lifetime. The CLB Routing algorithm balances energy consumption of sensor nodes by integrating the information obtained from the MAC layer into the routing decision.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the MCR algorithm and the CLB Routing algorithm had essential issues to take into account, they lacked other issues such as network reliability and congestion control. As described previously, this can lead to adverse impacts on the network lifetime and throughput.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be computed as the standard variance of the residual energy of all nodes as follows:

EIF = \frac{1}{n} \sqrt{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} {({RE}_{i} - {RE}_{avg})}^{2}}

where n is the overall sensor nodes in the network, residual energy of node i is represented by RE i , while RE avg is the average residual energy of all nodes. Throughput ratio ( TR ) is the number of packets received by the sink node k to the number of packets sent by the source nodes. The following equation expresses this criterion.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient REBTA data reporting algorithm for object tracking in wireless sensor networks

Elfouly

Ramadan

Mahmoud

et al. 2018

Int J Communication

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Object tracking is widely referred as one of the most interesting applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This application is able to detect and track objects and report information about these objects to a central base station.One of the major drawbacks in the current research in WSNs is the quality of the data reporting where the major research focus is dedicated to localization of objects; however, few of these works were concentrated on the datareporting. An efficient data reporting algorithm for object tracking in WSNs is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to enhance the WSN lifetime by achieving both minimum energy and balancing such consumption in sensor nodes during reporting operation. Furthermore, in our model, the enhancement of network reliability is considered. Finally, it reduces the effects of congestion by sufficiently utilizing the under loaded nodes to improve the network throughput. This paper formulates the object tracking problem in large-scale WSN into 0/1 integer linear programming problem, and then proposes a reliable energy balance traffic aware approach to solve the optimization problem. From the obtained simulation results, the proposed solution has proved to be able to enhance the network performance in network lifetime, throughput, end-to-end delay, energy balance, and complexity for both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. energy distribution among sensor nodes, which may cause holes in the area surrounding the sink node. Such holes may significantly affect the network lifetime. 7,8 Hence, balanced energy consumption should be considered beside energy awareness when designing energy-efficient routing technique. 6,7 Providing reliable data transmission in WSNs is a challenge task because of the dynamic nature of wireless communication links and unstable channel conditions. 9-12 The data transfer, which is the primary purpose in WSNs, is affected by the loss of data packets. So, it is essential to reduce packet loss in WSNs to enhance network throughput and energy efficiency. Consequently, designing a routing technique that can give priority to reliable transmission is highly needed.Congestion in WSNs negatively affects the network performance; namely, extreme decrease in throughput and increase in the packet delay and energy consumption. Therefore, the congestion control is a crucial issue in WSNs. Considering the memory constraints of sensor nodes in WSNs, congestion can cause buffer overflow. As a consequence, such buffer overflow problem may lead to loss of important information, more energy wastage, and delay in the arrival of data packets to sink node. Thus, this severely reduces the network lifetime and efficiency. Therefore, in WSN, considering buffer space in routing protocols design is highly required. 13 Object tracking is widely referred as the most interesting applications of WSNs due to its wide real-life applications like wildlife monitoring 14,15 and military intrusion detection. 16 The object tracking process consists of 2 critical...

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be computed as the standard variance of the residual energy of all nodes as follows:

EIF = \frac{1}{n} \sqrt{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} {({RE}_{i} - {RE}_{avg})}^{2}}

Section: Performance Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Efficient REBTA data reporting algorithm for object tracking in wireless sensor networks

Elfouly

Ramadan

Mahmoud

et al. 2018

Int J Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are lots of researches following O-Aloha scheme in the field of cross-layer design for WSN. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Furthermore, O-Aloha has been successfully adopted in other various wireless networks. [19][20][21][22] In Ho et al, 7,23 a code division multiple access (CDMA)-based MAC protocol is dedicated for WSN-UAV systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive-opportunistic Aloha: A media access control protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle–wireless sensor network systems

Jiang

2016

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Recognizing that data collection in a unmanned aerial vehicle-wireless sensor network system is significantly different from that in a conventional wireless sensor network system, we propose a media access control protocol called adaptive-opportunistic Aloha for unmanned aerial vehicle-wireless sensor network systems. Based on a cross-layered design, this proposed adaptive-opportunistic Aloha protocol takes several important factors into consideration, including distribution of sensors, energy consumption, and transmission efficiency. In order for unmanned aerial vehicle to uniformly collect data from the ground sensors that are distributed in a random fashion, adaptive-opportunistic Aloha adopts a priority-based mechanism for channel assignment and collision avoidance, and importantly, the priority could be adaptively changed according to locations and distribution of the sensors. To improve energy efficiency, the adaptiveopportunistic Aloha can effectively put the sensors into the sleep mode when they do not need to send data, and they will be woken up by a beacon signal from the unmanned aerial vehicle for data transmission. Unlike opportunistic Aloha protocol, a well-known unmanned aerial vehicle-wireless sensor network media access control protocol, the adaptiveopportunistic Aloha adds a handshake into every time interval of transmission to help enhance the throughput with an acceptable level of system bit error rate. Experiment results have shown that the proposed media access control protocol can improve the overall throughput of unmanned aerial vehicle-wireless sensor network systems by more than 30% over opportunistic Aloha.

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Designing a reliable and energy‐efficient cross‐layer protocol for wireless sensor networks

Alabady

Alhajji

2021

Int J Communication

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Due to the energy scarcity that the wireless sensor networks currently face, many energy-efficient protocols have been developed and proposed in different layers, especially in the data link and network layers, as a large amount of energy consumed by the transceiver, idle-listening, collision, selecting the correct nodes to act as routers, long-distance transmission, etc., which are the responsibility of data link and network layers. Since these protocols address the reasons for energy loss in one layer and neglect the treatment of energy loss in other layers, as each layer of the TCP/IP module has its own features and has no control over the other layers. Therefore, there was a need for a cross-layer design. In this paper, an energy-efficient cross-layer between MAC layer and network layer has been proposed using slotted ALOHA based p-persistent CSMA MAC protocol and Enhance Energy Conservation based on Residual Energy and Distance (EECRED) in order to reduce energy consumption and increase the network lifetime. The performance of the proposed cross-layer protocol is evaluated by simulating the protocol using the MATLAB simulation. The simulation results are compared with the Fuzzy and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based MAC/Routing cross-layer protocol (FAMACRO), FAMACRO for wireless sensor networks (FAMACROW), fuzzy cross-layer LEACH, routing-MAC, and Energy-efficient Cross-layer-sensing Clustering Method (ECCM) protocols to ensure the efficiency of the proposed cross-layer. The simulation results show that the proposed cross-layer protocol is very energy efficient, provides stable networks, consumes little energy, and significantly increases the life of the network compared to the single-layer protocols where the improvement rate was 45%, 53%, 37%, 91%, and 28.72% compared to FAMACRO, FAMAROW, fuzzy cross-layer LEACH, routing-MAC, and ECCM protocols respectively in terms of the number of alive nodes or residual energy.

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A Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Balancing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Efficient REBTA data reporting algorithm for object tracking in wireless sensor networks

Efficient REBTA data reporting algorithm for object tracking in wireless sensor networks

Adaptive-opportunistic Aloha: A media access control protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle–wireless sensor network systems

Designing a reliable and energy‐efficient cross‐layer protocol for wireless sensor networks

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