A cross-industry comparison of how women leaders experience gender bias

Stephenson, Amber L.; Dzubinski, Leanne M.; Diehl, Amy B.

doi:10.1108/pr-02-2021-0091

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Men received higher compensation than women even in female-predominant fields, including family medicine and pediatrics. This finding is concordant with those from a study showing gender bias not just in male-dominated fields but also in gender-balanced and female-dominated fields …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Assessment of Medical Industry Compensation to US Physicians by Gender

et al. 2022

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ImportanceIt has been well established that female physicians earn less than their male counterparts in all specialties and ranks despite controlling for confounding variables.ObjectiveTo investigate payments made from highest-grossing medical industry companies to female and male physicians and to assess compensation and engagement disparities based on gender.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Open Payments database for the 5 female and 5 male physicians who received the most financial compensation from each of the 15 highest-grossing medical supply companies in the US from January 2013 to January 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was total general payments received by female and male physicians from medical industry over time and across industries. The secondary outcome was trends in industry payment to female and male physicians from 2013 to 2019.ResultsAmong the 1050 payments sampled, 1017 (96.9%) of the 5 highest earners were men and 33 (3.1%) were women. Female physicians were paid a mean (SD) of $41 320 ($88 695), and male physicians were paid a mean (SD) of $1 226 377 ($3 377 957) (P &lt; .001). On multivariate analysis, male gender was significantly associated with higher payment after adjusting for rank, h-index, and specialty (mean [SD], $1 025 413 [$162 578]; P &lt; .001). From 2013 to 2019, the payment gap between female and male physicians increased from $54 343 to $166 778 (P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that male physicians received significantly higher payments from the highest-grossing medical industry companies compared with female physicians. This disparity persisted across all medical specialties and academic ranks. The health care industry gender payment gap continued to increase from 2013 to 2019, with a wider compensation gap in 2019.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Assessment of Medical Industry Compensation to US Physicians by Gender

et al. 2022

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“…Previous work has shown that mothers in STEM disciplines perceive that they have to work harder than STEM and non-STEM fathers and mothers not in STEM disciplines, possibly because of the academic STEM's masculine work culture (Kmec, 2013). However, a recent study has shown that gender bias is still prevalent in gender-balanced and female-dominated industries, including higher education (Stephenson et al, 2022). Here, we did not observe an effect of the eld of knowledge on the extent parents perceived bias, nor on how mothers felt in their workplace overall.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Bias against parents in science hits women harder

Stanisçuaski

Machado²,

Soletti

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Worldwide, parenthood remains a major driver for the reduced participation of women in the job market, where discrimination stems from people's biases against mothers, based on stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding the vision of motherhood in our society. In academia, parenthood may be equally perceived as negatively affecting scientists' commitment and dedication, especially for women. Our survey conducted amongst Brazilian scientists found that mothers self-reported a higher prevalence of negative bias in their workplace when compared to fathers. The perception of a negative bias was influenced by gender and career status, but not by race, scientific field or number of children. Regarding intersections, mothers with less than 15 years of hiring reported having suffered a higher rate of negative bias against them. We discuss implications of these results and suggest how this negative bias should be addressed in order to promote an equitable environment that does not harm women in science.

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“…Previous work has shown that mothers in STEM disciplines perceive that they have to work harder than STEM and non-STEM fathers and mothers not in STEM disciplines, possibly because of the academic STEM’s masculine work culture (Kmec, 2013 ). However, a recent study has shown that gender bias is still prevalent in gender-balanced and female-dominated industries, including higher education (Stephenson et al, 2022 ( https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=Amber%20L.%20Stephenson )). Here, we did not observe an effect of the field of knowledge on the extent parents perceived bias, nor on how mothers felt in their workplace overall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias against parents in science hits women harder

Stanisçuaski

Machado

Soletti

et al. 2023

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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Worldwide, parenthood remains a major driver for the reduced participation of women in the job market, where discrimination stems from people’s biases against mothers, based on stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding the vision of motherhood in our society. In academia, parenthood may be perceived as negatively affecting scientists’ commitment and dedication, especially women’s. We conducted a survey amongst Brazilian scientists and found that mothers self-reported a higher prevalence of negative bias in their workplace when compared to fathers. The perception of a negative bias was influenced by gender and career status, but not by race, scientific field or number of children. Regarding intersections, mothers with less than 15 years of hiring reported having suffered a higher rate of negative bias against themselves. We discuss implications of these results and suggest how this negative bias should be addressed in order to promote an equitable environment that does not harm women in science.

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A cross-industry comparison of how women leaders experience gender bias

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Assessment of Medical Industry Compensation to US Physicians by Gender

Assessment of Medical Industry Compensation to US Physicians by Gender

Bias against parents in science hits women harder

Bias against parents in science hits women harder

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