1961
A Criticism of Drug Therapy in Psychiatry
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1961
2017
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Cited by 7 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…When interpreting these results in terms of clinical significance, one should consider the fact that many of the included trials comprised treatment arms with suboptimal dosage; the presented ESs, similar to those obtained in most metaanalyses regarding antidepressants, are hence lower than one may expect when using adequate doses. 18 The fact that the presence of side effects might compromise the integrity of the double-blind procedure in both raters [20][21][22][23] and patients, 3,[24][25][26] and that the resulting unblinding may introduce a bias favoring the active drug, has been discussed since long. During the '60s and '70s, when most antidepressants displayed easily recognizable anticholinergic side effects, attempts were made to explore this possibility by comparing antidepressants with so-called active placebos, that is, drugs exerting no antidepressant effect but being anticholinergic.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When interpreting these results in terms of clinical significance, one should consider the fact that many of the included trials comprised treatment arms with suboptimal dosage; the presented ESs, similar to those obtained in most metaanalyses regarding antidepressants, are hence lower than one may expect when using adequate doses. 18 The fact that the presence of side effects might compromise the integrity of the double-blind procedure in both raters [20][21][22][23] and patients, 3,[24][25][26] and that the resulting unblinding may introduce a bias favoring the active drug, has been discussed since long. During the '60s and '70s, when most antidepressants displayed easily recognizable anticholinergic side effects, attempts were made to explore this possibility by comparing antidepressants with so-called active placebos, that is, drugs exerting no antidepressant effect but being anticholinergic.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nous limiterons donc notre recension surtout à ces types de traitements. Les approches comportementales et axées sur l'apprentissage social sont basées sur le fait qu'apprendre constitue un processus biologique d'adaptation par lequel les organismes agissent afin de maximiser le renforcement, et de réduire toute stimulation aversive (Liberman, 1978). Lorsque ce processus dérape, un organisme peut engendrer des comportements qui produisent des avantages à court terme, mais qui sont inadaptés à long terme.…”
Section: Les Traitements Psychosociauxunclassified
“…On a obtenu des résultats indiquant aussi une baisse sensible des comportements violents lorsqu'on a implanté le SLP chez des personnes souffrant de psychose chronique, et bénéficiant de services de psychiatrie légale (Beck et al, 1991). D'autres chercheurs ont rapporté les effets bénéfiques de l'économie de jetons sur les comportements agressifs (Liberman, 1978 ;Wong et al, 1988 ;Ayllon et Azrin, 1968), et de l'introduction systématique de comportements de remplacement par l'entremise d'un entraînement aux habiletés de vie autonome (Corrigan et al, 1993 ;Liberman, 1978 ;Wong et al, 1988 ;Frey et Weller, 2000 ;Wallace et al, 1973). Presque toujours, ces interventions sont jumelées à l'utilisation d'un temps d'arrêt du renforcement comme conséquence à un comportement agressif.…”
Section: Le Malade Hospitaliséunclassified
