A Crassostrea gigas Toll-like receptor and comparative analysis of TLR pathway in invertebrates

Zhang, Linlin; Li, Li; Zhang, Guofan

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.12.023

Cited by 107 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…only three out of 23 TLRs from Mytilus galloprovincialis, one out of 7 TLRs from Euprymna scolopes and four out of 70 TLRs from Pinctada fucata are mccTLRs [17,27]. All of these findings challenge previous assumptions that the distribution of sccTLR and mccTLR have corresponding relationships with deuterostomes and protostomes; most sccTLRs are found in deuterostomes, while most mccTLRs are found in protostomes such as insects, nematodes and mollusca [15][16][17]27]. Moreover, recent genomic analysis showed the co-existence of two TLR types in the ancient invertebrate deuterostome, S. purpuratus and B. lanceolatum [28], which strongly implies that both sccTLR and mccTLR have already presented in the bilateria ancestor, but have independently evolved and preferentially expanded, either respectively, or in individual species after deuterostome-protostome divergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Evidence is also emerging that suggests oysters have a complete TLR and NF-κB signaling pathway, which plays a role in host defense against pathogen infection; this is considered as the functional analogue to human TLR and NF-κB [13][14][15][16][17]. Mollusks are a major lineage of lophotrochozoans and a sister branch of ecdysozoans, and may thus provide a key evolutionary step to understanding the ancient function and trace origin of the innate immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristic and functional analysis of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the lophotrocozoan, Crassostrea gigas, reveals ancient origin of TLR-mediated innate immunity

Zhang

et al. 2013

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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The evolution of TLR-mediated innate immunity is a fundamental question in immunology. Here, we report the characterization and functional analysis of four TLR members in the lophotrochozoans Crassostrea gigas (CgTLRs). All CgTLRs bear a conserved domain organization and have a close relationship with TLRs in ancient non-vertebrate chordates. In HEK293 cells, every CgTLR could constitutively activate NF-κB responsive reporter, but none of the PAMPs tested could stimulate CgTLR-activated NF-κB induction. Subcellular localization showed that CgTLR members have similar and dual distribution on late endosomes and plasma membranes. Moreover, CgTLRs and CgMyD88 mRNA show a consistent response to multiple PAMP challenges in oyster hemocytes. As CgTLRmediated NF-κB activation is dependent on CgMyD88, we designed a blocking peptide for CgTLR signaling that would inhibit CgTLR-CgMyD88 dependent NF-κB activation. This was used to demonstrate that a Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection-induced enhancement of degranulation and increase of cytokines TNF mRNA in hemocytes, could be inhibited by blocking CgTLR signaling. In summary, our study characterized the primitive TLRs in the lophotrocozoan C. gigas and demonstrated a fundamental role of TLR signaling in infection-induced hemocyte activation. This provides further evidence for an ancient origin of TLR-mediated innate immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic and functional analysis of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the lophotrocozoan, Crassostrea gigas, reveals ancient origin of TLR-mediated innate immunity

Zhang

et al. 2013

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…In addition to insects and other higher invertebrates (e.g. Mollusca; [43]), TOLL pathway components have been found within ancestral metazoans, including Porifera [44]. Within the cnidarian N. vectensis, multiple TOLL pathway components have been identified, including an NF-kB inhibitor (IkB), NF-kB, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and a nucleotide-binding domain (reviewed by [21]).…”

Section: (Iii) Integrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an integrated network of coral immune mechanisms

2012

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Reef-building corals form bio-diverse marine ecosystems of high societal and economic value, but are in significant decline globally due, in part, to rapid climatic changes. As immunity is a predictor of coral disease and thermal stress susceptibility, a comprehensive understanding of this new field will likely provide a mechanistic explanation for ecological-scale trends in reef declines. Recently, several strides within coral immunology document defence mechanisms that are consistent with those of both invertebrates and vertebrates, and which span the recognition, signalling and effector response phases of innate immunity. However, many of these studies remain discrete and unincorporated into the wider fields of invertebrate immunology or coral biology. To encourage the rapid development of coral immunology, we comprehensively synthesize the current understanding of the field in the context of general invertebrate immunology, and highlight fundamental gaps in our knowledge. We propose a framework for future research that we hope will stimulate directional studies in this emerging field and lead to the elucidation of an integrated network of coral immune mechanisms. Once established, we are optimistic that coral immunology can be effectively applied to pertinent ecological questions, improve current prediction tools and aid conservation efforts.

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“…Therefore, the diverse signaling pathways SPs and SPIs involved in might be the main reason responsible for the different expression pattern of SgKunitz toward three PAMPs. In mollusk, though it was far from well understanding the regulation of SPs-and SPIs-involved immune signaling pathway, a primitive Toll pathway had been proved to be existence in scallop and oyster [38,39]. In Zhikong scallop, all the facts that expression of pattern recognition receptors (CfPGRP-S1 and CfLGBP), SP (CfSP), SPI (CfKZSPI) and TLR (CfTLR) were significantly up-regulated after the stimulation of PAMPs or pathogens [7,33,39e41], indicated that molluscan SPs and SPIs might also serve as modulators involving in the immune signaling pathway like that in Drosophila.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A four-domain Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor from Solen grandis is implicated in immune response

Wei

Yang

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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A Crassostrea gigas Toll-like receptor and comparative analysis of TLR pathway in invertebrates

Cited by 107 publications

References 51 publications

Characteristic and functional analysis of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the lophotrocozoan, Crassostrea gigas, reveals ancient origin of TLR-mediated innate immunity

Characteristic and functional analysis of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the lophotrocozoan, Crassostrea gigas, reveals ancient origin of TLR-mediated innate immunity

Towards an integrated network of coral immune mechanisms

A four-domain Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor from Solen grandis is implicated in immune response

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