A COVID-19 epidemic model integrating direct and fomite transmission as well as household structure

Abstract

This paper stresses its base contribution on a new SIR-type model for COVID-19 including direct and fomite transmission as well as the effect of distinct household structures. To what extent increasing the physical-distancing-related contact radius and enhancing mass control (public curfew, lockdown, workplace clearance, and school closure) reduce the number of predicted active cases is studied via parameter estimation.

How to coordinate vaccination and social distancing to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

“…Additionally, optimal mitigation policies have been proposed for several diseases, including dengue fever [18] and malaria [39]. Throughout 2020, many researchers have proposed compartmental models for predicting the impact of countermeasures on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 [20, 49]. Furthermore, they can be used in computing time-varying mitigation policies by solving optimal control problems (OCPs).…”

Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spreading under the influence of environmental factors and strategies to tackle the pandemic: A systematic review

“…Virus-laden-aerosol or airborne particulate matter could be deposited on the soil and other fomite surfaces through particle dispersion. Even an infected person could transmit the virus on the fomite surface via touching, sneezing, and coughing ( Wijaya et al, 2020 ). The virus in soil could be further transported to groundwater ( Kimura et al, 2008 ), possibly further to drinking well.…”

“…Moreover, the deposition of virus-laden particles on the food item is suspected by scientists (J Han et al, 2020 . ; Wijaya et al, 2020 ). Thus, it shows that multiple aerosol transmission routes might result in dreadful loops for virus spread while considering the virus, host, and environment interactions based on Fig.…”

A semi-continuous model for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in enclosed spaces via multiple pathways to assess risk of infection and mitigation strategies

“…Most epidemiological studies related to viral disease transmission have focused on macroscopic, large-scale transmission and often use modified classical susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) modelling frameworks. 18,19 There have been some efforts to use these models to determine which transmission routes are likely to be dominant 20,21 , however they are not able to consider environment-specific risks. Many researchers have also performed detailed transmission studies and simulations to understand and quantify the specific aerosol, [22][23][24] droplet 2, 25,26 , and contact routes 27,28 , however few modelling efforts exist for quantifying overall risks of infection based on the combination of transmission routes.…”