A Contribution to the Psychology of Schizophrenia

Part V. The Implications of Findings for Understanding, Research, and Application*

“…Perhaps all three of these hypotheses are accurate. In a series of studies, Strauss and Carpenter (1977) have suggested that various aspects of premorbid function comprise several open-linked psychological systems that continue over time. If this is correct, then it seems reasonable to suggest that patterns of premorbid function do not have a single impact on schizophrenia but rather a continuing one which may determine the vulnerability…”

Part V. The Implications of Findings for Understanding, Research, and Application*

“…Perhaps all three of these hypotheses are accurate. In a series of studies, Strauss and Carpenter (1977) have suggested that various aspects of premorbid function comprise several open-linked psychological systems that continue over time. If this is correct, then it seems reasonable to suggest that patterns of premorbid function do not have a single impact on schizophrenia but rather a continuing one which may determine the vulnerability…”

Aspects of the object relationships and developing skills of a ‘mechanical boy’

“…He seemed to find this necessary in order to relate to it or to the people and objects it contained. Jim's libidinal drive was maintained at the oral level, as if he were 'object hungry' (Szasz, 1957; in searching for objects in the environment to introject. He was also trying to maintain control over his aggressive drive towards the outside world while seeking to manage the distance between the outside world and himself.…”

A relationship between threat in the manifest content of dreams and active-passive behavior in psychotics.

“…Among the psychoanalytic concepts which have been emphasized as being most central in the explanation of the psychotic process are loss of object relationships (Fairbairn, 1952;Freud, 1958;Guntrip, 1952;Szasz, 1957); tenuous control of impulses, both aggressive and libidinal (Bak, 1954;Hartmann, 1953;Nunberg, 1955, pp. 221-225;Wexler, 1951); defective ego boundaries (Federn, 1952); and overwhelming anxiety (Sullivan, 1947).…”

Part V. The Implications of Findings for Understanding, Research, and Application*

“…Perhaps all three of these hypotheses are accurate. In a series of studies, Strauss and Carpenter (1977) have suggested that various aspects of premorbid function comprise several open-linked psychological systems that continue over time. If this is correct, then it seems reasonable to suggest that patterns of premorbid function do not have a single impact on schizophrenia but rather a continuing one which may determine the vulnerability…”

Aspects of the object relationships and developing skills of a ‘mechanical boy’

“…He seemed to find this necessary in order to relate to it or to the people and objects it contained. Jim's libidinal drive was maintained at the oral level, as if he were 'object hungry' (Szasz, 1957; in searching for objects in the environment to introject. He was also trying to maintain control over his aggressive drive towards the outside world while seeking to manage the distance between the outside world and himself.…”

A relationship between threat in the manifest content of dreams and active-passive behavior in psychotics.

“…Among the psychoanalytic concepts which have been emphasized as being most central in the explanation of the psychotic process are loss of object relationships (Fairbairn, 1952;Freud, 1958;Guntrip, 1952;Szasz, 1957); tenuous control of impulses, both aggressive and libidinal (Bak, 1954;Hartmann, 1953;Nunberg, 1955, pp. 221-225;Wexler, 1951); defective ego boundaries (Federn, 1952); and overwhelming anxiety (Sullivan, 1947).…”

Part V. The Implications of Findings for Understanding, Research, and Application*

“…Perhaps all three of these hypotheses are accurate. In a series of studies, Strauss and Carpenter (1977) have suggested that various aspects of premorbid function comprise several open-linked psychological systems that continue over time. If this is correct, then it seems reasonable to suggest that patterns of premorbid function do not have a single impact on schizophrenia but rather a continuing one which may determine the vulnerability…”

Aspects of the object relationships and developing skills of a ‘mechanical boy’

“…He seemed to find this necessary in order to relate to it or to the people and objects it contained. Jim's libidinal drive was maintained at the oral level, as if he were 'object hungry' (Szasz, 1957; in searching for objects in the environment to introject. He was also trying to maintain control over his aggressive drive towards the outside world while seeking to manage the distance between the outside world and himself.…”

A relationship between threat in the manifest content of dreams and active-passive behavior in psychotics.

“…Among the psychoanalytic concepts which have been emphasized as being most central in the explanation of the psychotic process are loss of object relationships (Fairbairn, 1952;Freud, 1958;Guntrip, 1952;Szasz, 1957); tenuous control of impulses, both aggressive and libidinal (Bak, 1954;Hartmann, 1953;Nunberg, 1955, pp. 221-225;Wexler, 1951); defective ego boundaries (Federn, 1952); and overwhelming anxiety (Sullivan, 1947).…”