A conserved retina-specific gene encodes a basic motif/leucine zipper domain.

Swaroop, Anand; Xu, Junzhe; Pawar, Hemant; Jackson, Anne; Skolnick, Craig; Agarwal, Neeraj

doi:10.1073/pnas.89.1.266

Cited by 274 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Factors For Rod Development -Nrl and Nr2e3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nrl specifies rod lineage in photoreceptor precursors-The neural retina leucine zipper protein (Nrl) is a basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor belonging to the Maf subfamily (Swaroop et al, 1992). The Nrl cDNA was originally cloned from an adult human retina library by subtractive hybridization (Swaroop et al, 1992). The recombinant Nrl protein was subsequently found to bind to and regulate the rhodopsin promoter via NRE, an AP-1 like element located in the proximal rhodopsin promoter region Rehemtulla et al, 1996).…”

Section: Factors For Rod Development -Nrl and Nr2e3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of photoreceptor gene expression by Crx-associated transcription factor network

2008

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Rod and cone photoreceptors in the mammalian retina are special types of neurons that are responsible for phototransduction, the first step of vision. Development and maintenance of photoreceptors require precisely regulated gene expression. This regulation is mediated by a network of photoreceptor transcription factors centered on Crx, an Otx-like homeodomain transcription factor. The cell type (subtype) specificity of this network is governed by factors that are preferentially expressed by rods or cones or both, including the rod-determining factors neural retina leucine zipper protein (Nrl) and the orphan nuclear receptor Nr2e3; and cone-determining factors, mostly nuclear receptor family members. The best-documented of these include thyroid hormone receptor β2 (Trβ2), retinoid related orphan receptor Rorβ, and retinoid X receptor Rxrγ. The appropriate function of this network also depends on general transcription factors and co-factors that are ubiquitously expressed, such as the Sp zinc finger transcription factors and STAGA coactivator complexes. These cell type-specific and general transcription regulators form complex interactomes; mutations that interfere with any of the interactions can cause photoreceptor development defects or degeneration. In this manuscript, we review recent progress on the roles of various photoreceptor transcription factors and interactions in photoreceptor subtype development. We also provide evidence of auto-, para-, and feedback regulation among these factors at the transcriptional level. These protein-protein and protein-promoter interactions provide precision and specificity in controlling photoreceptor subtype-specific gene expression, development and survival. Understanding these interactions may provide insights to more effective therapeutic interventions for photoreceptor diseases.

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Section: Factors For Rod Development -Nrl and Nr2e3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors For Rod Development -Nrl and Nr2e3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of photoreceptor gene expression by Crx-associated transcription factor network

2008

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“…While c-Maf, MafB and NRL contain putative transcription activation domains (Kataoko et al, 1994a;Nishizawa et al, 1989;Swaroop et al, 1992), MafF, MafK and MafG lack canonical transactivation domains (Andrews et al, 1993b;Blank et al, 1997;Fujiwara et al, 1993;Igarashi et al, 1995;Kataoka et al, 1995;Toki et al, 1997). MafF, MafG and MafK are essentially composed of bZip domains and are collectively referred to as the small Maf family proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and expression of human B cell-specific transcription factor BACH2 mapped to chromosome 6q15

et al. 2000

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The transcription factor Bach2, a member of the BTBbasic region leucine zipper (bZip) factor family, binds to a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-responsive element and the related Maf-recognition element (MARE) by forming homodimers or heterodimers with Maf-related transcription factors. Bach2 regulates transcription by binding to these elements. To understand the function in hematopoiesis, we isolated a cDNA clone for human Bach2 (BACH2) encoding a protein of 841 amino acid residues with a deduced amino acid sequence having 89.5% identity to mouse homolog. Among human hematopoietic cell lines, BACH2 is expressed abundantly only in some B-lymphocytic cell lines. RT ± PCR analysis of hematopoietic cells revealed that BACH2 mRNA is expressed in primary B-cells. Enforced expression of BACH2 in a human Burkitt cell line, RAJI that does not express endogenous BACH2, resulted in marked reduction of clonogenic activity, indicating that BACH2 possesses an inhibitory e ect on cell proliferation. Bȳ uorescent in situ hybridization, the BACH2 gene was localized to chromosome 6q15. Because deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q) is one of the commonest chromosomal alterations in human B-cell lymphoma, we examined for the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the BACH2 gene in human B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Among 25 informative cases, ®ve (20%) showed LOH. These results indicate that BACH2 plays important roles in regulation of B cell development.

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“…Maf family proteins are divided into two subgroups, the large Maf and the small Maf proteins. The large Maf proteins, MafA/L-Maf/ SMaf1 [3][4][5], MafB [6], c-Maf [7], and Nrl [8], contain an acidic domain in their N-termini that acts as a transcriptional activation site. By contrast, the small Maf proteins, MafK, MafF [9], and MafG [10], lack such an acidic domain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse MafA, homologue of zebrafish somite Maf 1, contributes to the specific transcriptional activity through the insulin promoter

Kajihara

Sone

Amemiya

et al. 2003

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Large Maf transcription factors, which are members of the basic leucine zipper (b-Zip) superfamily, have been reported to be involved in embryonic development and cell differentiation. Previously, we isolated a novel zebrafish large Maf cDNA, somite Maf1 (SMaf1), which possesses transactivational activity within its N-terminus domain. To elucidate SMaf1 function in mammals, we tried to isolate the mouse homologue of zebrafish SMaf1. We isolated the mouse homologue of zebrafish SMaf1, which is the same molecule as the recently reported MafA. MafA mRNA was detected in formed somites, head neural tube, and liver cells in the embryos. In the adult mouse, MafA transcript was amplified in the brain, lung, spleen, and kidney by RT-PCR. MafA mRNA was also detectable in b-cell line. Next, we analyzed the transcriptional activity of MafA using rat insulin promoters I and II (RIPI and II), since a part of RIP sequence was similar to the Maf recognition element (MARE) and MafA was expressed in pancreatic b-cells. MafA was able to activate transcription from RIPII, but not RIPI, in a dose dependent manner and the activity was dependent on RIPE3b/C1 sequences. In addition, the amount of MafA protein was regulated by glucose concentration. These results indicate that MafA is the homologue of zebrafish SMaf1 and acts as a transcriptional activator of the insulin gene promoter through the RIPE3b element.

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A conserved retina-specific gene encodes a basic motif/leucine zipper domain.

Cited by 274 publications

References 31 publications

Regulation of photoreceptor gene expression by Crx-associated transcription factor network

Regulation of photoreceptor gene expression by Crx-associated transcription factor network

Cloning and expression of human B cell-specific transcription factor BACH2 mapped to chromosome 6q15

Mouse MafA, homologue of zebrafish somite Maf 1, contributes to the specific transcriptional activity through the insulin promoter

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