A comprehensive review on potential therapeutics interventions for COVID-19

Chugh, Heerak; Awasthi, Amardeep; Agarwal, Yashi; Gaur, Rajesh; Dhawan, Gagan; Chandra, Ramesh

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173741

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…DNA vaccines also have greater stability, half-life, and immunogenicity when compared to mRNA vaccines. DNA vaccines also played an important role in MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV pandemics earlier [173][174][175][176].…”

Section: Dna Based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

Chilamakuri

Agarwal

2021

Cells

228

197

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Novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), which suddenly emerged in December 2019 is still haunting the entire human race and has affected not only the healthcare system but also the global socioeconomic balances. COVID-19 was quickly designated as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization as there have been about 98.0 million confirmed cases and about 2.0 million confirmed deaths, as of January 2021. Although, our understanding of COVID-19 has significantly increased since its outbreak, and multiple treatment approaches and pharmacological interventions have been tested or are currently under development to mitigate its risk-factors. Recently, some vaccine candidates showed around 95% clinical efficacy, and now receiving emergency use approvals in different countries. US FDA recently approved BNT162 and mRNA-1273 vaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Inc. for emergency use and vaccination in the USA. In this review, we present a succinct overview of the SARS-CoV-2 virus structure, molecular mechanisms of infection, COVID-19 epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations. We also systematize different treatment strategies and clinical trials initiated after the pandemic outbreak, based on viral infection and replication mechanisms. Additionally, we reviewed the novel pharmacological intervention approaches and vaccine development strategies against COVID-19. We speculate that the current pandemic emergency will trigger detailed studies of coronaviruses, their mechanism of infection, development of systematic drug repurposing approaches, and novel drug discoveries for current and future pandemic outbreaks.

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Section: Dna Based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

Chilamakuri

Agarwal

2021

Cells

228

197

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“…As mentioned, no specific medical therapy for severe COVID-19 is available, which underlines the importance of measures to prevent COVID-19 and provide optimal supportive care. Although a number of potential therapeutics [ 179 ] including drugs with immunomodulatory properties [ 105 ] have been proposed, prevention by vaccination may be considered key in this medical context.…”

Section: Prognosis and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Current knowledge on pathophysiology and ICU treatment – A narrative review

Pfortmueller

Spinetti

Urman

et al. 2021

Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology

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“…Recently, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection has accelerated worldwide. Efforts on the clinical treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are concentrated on the development of vaccines and drugs, including gene therapy [27]. To our knowledge, this is the rst study examining NRP1 expression in AD patients and reporting its higher expression these individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying new COVID-19 receptor Neuropilin-1 in severe Alzheimer’s diseases patients group brain using genome-wide association study approach

Lim

Yang

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Numerous studies have been conducted on different aspects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, since its emergence in late 2019. Mutual relations among SARS-CoV-2 and neuro-pathophysiological phenomena are continuously being demonstrated, and several underlying diseases, such as those in the elderly, are positively correlated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 infection, was recently demonstrated to be increased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.Methods Recent preclinical studies have shown that Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), which is a transmembrane protein with roles in neuronal development, axonal outgrowth, and angiogenesis, also plays a role in the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we hypothesized that NRP1 may be upregulated in AD patients and that a correlation between AD and SARS-CoV-2 NRP1-mediated infectivity may exist. We used an AD mouse model that mimics AD and performed high throughput total RNA-seq with brain tissue and whole blood. For quantification of NPR1 in AD, brain tissues and blood were subjected to western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis. In silico analysis for NRP1 expression in AD patients has been performed on the human hippocampus data sets (GSE4226, GSE1297).Results Many cases of severe symptom of COVID-19 are concentrated in elderly group who have complications such as diabetes, degenerative disease, and brain disorders. Total RNA-seq analysis showed that Nrp1 gene was commonly overexpressed in AD model. Similar to ACE2, NRP1 protein also strongly expressed in the AD brain tissues. Interestingly, in silico analysis revealed that the level of expression for NRP1 was distinct at age and AD progression.Conclusions Given that the NRP1 is highly expressed in AD, it will be important to understand and predict that NRP1 may a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in AD patients. This will support to development of potential therapeutic drug to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

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A comprehensive review on potential therapeutics interventions for COVID-19

Cited by 35 publications

References 93 publications

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Current knowledge on pathophysiology and ICU treatment – A narrative review

Identifying new COVID-19 receptor Neuropilin-1 in severe Alzheimer’s diseases patients group brain using genome-wide association study approach

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