A Comprehensive Review on Function and Application of Plant Peroxidases

Abstract

Peroxidases, one of the key antioxidant enzymes, are widely distributed in nature and catalyze oxidation of various electron donor substrates concomitant with the decomposition of H 2 O 2. The non-animal plant peroxidases (class III peroxidase) are involved in various essential physiological processes of plant growth and development throughout their life cycle. In view of the capability of peroxidases to catalyze the redox reaction for a wide range of substrates, they are considered as one of the important enzyme from the point of view of their various medicinal, biochemical, immunological, biotechnological and industrial applications. They have been successfully used for biopulping and biobleaching in the paper and textile industries. Peroxidases have also been used in organic synthesis, bioremediation, as well as various analytical applications in diagnostic kits, ELISA. Peroxidase based biosensors find application in analytical systems for determination of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, alcohols, glutamate, and choline etc. Thus, in view of array of physiological functions as well as industrial applications, the peroxidases have conquered a dominant position in research groups and become one of the most extensively studied enzymes. In this direction, the present review embodies the classification, mechanism of action, major physiological functions as well as industrial applications of plant peroxidases.

Gene Expression Profile of Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Trees in Response to Huanglongbing Disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus

“…Consequently, lignification and reinforcement of cell wall occur. Among the proteins induced during plant defense, the plant peroxidases play roles in reinforcement of cell wall, enhanced production of ROS, and increased production of phytoalexins [53]. We observed the upregulation of five peroxidases at symptomatic stage of Mexican lime CLAs-infected leaves, suggesting they have a role as part of induced defensive mechanism against CLas infection.…”

Electrochemical Biosensors Containing Pure Enzymes or Crude Extracts as Enzyme Sources for Pesticides and Phenolic Compounds with Pharmacological Property Detection and Quantification

“…Among the hazardous contaminants, phenolic compounds and pesticides represent potential human health and environmental risks. Regarding this, there are several studies reporting the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide detection [2]. Enzyme-based biosensors operate by indirectly detecting analytes, through detection of consumption or production of specific compounds in the biochemical reaction progress [3].…”

Constitutive and Induced Expression of Total Phenol and Phenol Oxidases in Wheat Genotypes Ranging in Resistance/Susceptibility to the Root-Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus thornei

“…Increases in the levels of phenol oxidative enzymes in plants wounded and/or infected by pathogens is well documented. As key enzymes acting on the phenylpropanoid pathway, PPO and POD could play important roles in plant resistance to nematodes in several ways; (a) reaction with plant phenolics to form toxic quinone, (b) the production of reactive oxygen species that can act on pathogens or initiate defensive gene expression, (c) reduction in the availability of cellular protein to plant pathogens, (d) crosslinking phenolic compounds into lignin and other cell wall polymers to strengthen cell walls as a physical barrier to pathogens, and possible formation of brown melanin polymer crosslinking phenols in presence of cellular proteins and amino acids [47][48][49][50]. In our study, levels of PPO and POD were higher in CPI133872, GS50a, and QT8343 at 4 weeks PNI than in the susceptible genotypes Janz and Gatcher.…”