A Comprehensive Review on Anti-Inflammatory Response of Flavonoids in Experimentally-Induced Epileptic Seizures

Abstract

Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds with phenolic structure, are becoming popular as alternative medicines obtained from plants. These compounds are reported to have various pharmacological properties, including attenuation of inflammatory responses in multiple health issues. Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system implicated with the activation of the inflammatory cascade in the brain. The aim of the present study was to summarize the role of various neuroinflammatory mediators in the onset and progression of epilepsy, and, thereafter, to discuss the flavonoids and their classes, including their biological properties. Further, we highlighted the modulation of anti-inflammatory responses achieved by these substances in different forms of epilepsy, as evident from preclinical studies executed on multiple epilepsy models. Overall, the review summarizes the available evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of various flavonoids in epilepsy.

Mangiferin (mango) attenuates AOM-induced colorectal cancer in rat’s colon by augmentation of apoptotic proteins and antioxidant mechanisms

“…Phytochemicals namely alkaloids are among the most common chemicals heavenly investigated in the aspect of chemoprotection 15 and multidrug resistance 16 . Flavonoids as secondary metabolites have shown numerous biological activities, antimicrobial 17 , antivirus 18 , anti-inflammatory 19 , anticancer 20 , and antimutagenic actions 21 . An example of such a natural product is mangiferin, a natural glucoxilxanthone compound obtained primitively and chiefly from plant species Mangifera indica (Mango) and Salicia chinesis (saptarangi) 22 .…”

Neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies

“…This disorder is serious global health issue affecting over 50-70 million people in the world ( 3 ). Even though a huge number of clinical and basic epileptic researches have been done, approximately 60% of epileptic disorders have unknown pathophysiological basis responsible for the occurrence and recurrence of seizures and 30% of epileptic patients still are resistant to the current pharmacotherapies with recurrent seizures throughout life ( 4 , 5 ). As a result of these facts, it requires a more thorough understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in epileptogenesis, as well as exploring more effective therapeutic strategies for epileptic patients.…”

“…Growing body of researches investigate that epileptic seizures are originated from neuronal synchronized and excessive electrical activity, which may be a result of imbalance between glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling induced by pathological factors including aberrant ion channel activation, neurotransmitter release, immune cells activation, etc. ( 4 , 6 , 7 ). Over the past two decades years growing evidences from both clinical and basic studies provide strong support to the conclusion that neuroinflammation is involved in epileptogenesis or a lot of neurological diseases with recurrent epileptic seizures ( 2 , 4 , 6 ).…”

“…( 4 , 6 , 7 ). Over the past two decades years growing evidences from both clinical and basic studies provide strong support to the conclusion that neuroinflammation is involved in epileptogenesis or a lot of neurological diseases with recurrent epileptic seizures ( 2 , 4 , 6 ).…”

“…pharmacotherapies with recurrent seizures throughout life (4,5). As a result of these facts, it requires a more thorough understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in epileptogenesis, as well as exploring more effective therapeutic strategies for epileptic patients.…”