A Comprehensive Overview of Electric Vehicle Charging using Renewable Energy

Abstract

<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The integration of PV with the electric vehicle (EV) charging system has been on the rise due to several factors, namely continuous reduction in the price of PV modules, rapid growth in EV and concern over the effects of greenhouse gases. Over the years, numerous papers have been published on EV charging using the standard utility (grid) electrical supply; however, there seems to be an absence of a comprehensive overview using PV as one of the components for the charger. With the growing interest in this topic, it is timely to review, summarize and update all the related works on PV charging, and to present it as a single reference. For the benefit of a wider audience, the paper also includes the background of EV, as well as a brief description of PV systems. Some of the main features of battery management system (BMS) for EV battery are also presented. It is envisaged that the information gathered in this paper will be a valuable one–stop source of information for researchers working in this topic.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The integration of PV with the electric vehicle (EV) charging system has been on the rise due to several factors, namely continuous reduction in the price of PV modules, rapid growth in EV and concern over the effects of greenhouse gases. Over the years, numerous papers have been published on EV charging using the standard utility (grid) electrical supply; however, there seems to be an absence of a comprehensive overview using PV as one of the components for the charger. With the growing interest in this topic, it is timely to review, summarize and update all the related works on PV charging, and to present it as a single reference. For the benefit of a wider audience, the paper also includes the background of EV, as well as a brief description of PV systems. Some of the main features of battery management system (BMS) for EV battery are also presented. It is envisaged that the information gathered in this paper will be a valuable one–stop source of information for researchers working in this topic.</span>

Optimized sizing of photovoltaic grid‐connected electric vehicle charging system using particle swarm optimization

“…This operation is realized through a dc‐dc converter (with MPPT functionality) as well as a unidirectional charger as shown in Figure . To lower down the charging load from the utility grid, the solar energy is utilized on top priority basis . The PV energy is bought at PV_Pr to sell to all connected vehicles at a fixed price (abbreviated as Chrg_Pr ).…”

“…The operation of mode 2 (ESU2EV) is started if PV array cannot fulfill the EV demand, as well as the grid is overloaded ( GE_Pr ≥ ESU_Pr ) . Flow of the energy in this mode is shown in Figure …”

“…49 To lower down the charging load from the utility grid, the solar energy is utilized on top priority basis. 6,49 The PV energy is bought at PV_Pr to sell to all connected vehicles at a fixed price (abbreviated as Chrg_Pr). Amount of PV to EV energy being transferred (PV2EV_ENR) varies under various situations.…”

“…38 Flow of the energy in this mode is shown in Figure 3. 6 In this mode, the amount of transfer is different for various situations.…”

“…Many large automobile manufacturers have taken the initiatives to develop their own EV—some of which have entered the commercial market, while many are on the verge of launching their products. Recently, an interesting concept to integrate the renewable energy (RE) sources into the EV charging system is proposed . It is envisaged to be beneficial for the EV users, as well as electric power utility because it simultaneously addresses the issues of charging cost, environmental concerns, and grid overburden .…”