A comprehensive biomechanical evaluation of length and diameter of dental implants using finite element analyses: A systematic review

Qiu, Piaopiao; Cao, Rongkai; Li, Zhaoyang; Fan, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26876

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…In particular, this work uses FEM to simulate dynamic, slow loading conditions that are precisely designed to mimic the cyclic biting forces applied to dental implants during mastication. This robust approach differs from earlier research that mostly relied on static loading assumptions, ignoring the dynamic and cyclical nature of mandibular stress during chewing [30,53,[57][58][59][60][61][62]. By using smooth step-time convergence, this study is more like the explicit dynamic loading that happens in clinical settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing 3D Dental Implant Finite Element Analysis: Incorporating Biomimetic Trabecular Bone with Varied Pore Sizes in Voronoi Lattices

Alemayehu,

Todoh,

Huang

2024

JFB

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The human mandible’s cancellous bone, which is characterized by its unique porosity and directional sensitivity to external forces, is crucial for sustaining biting stress. Traditional computer- aided design (CAD) models fail to fully represent the bone’s anisotropic structure and thus depend on simple isotropic assumptions. For our research, we use the latest versions of nTOP 4.17.3 and Creo Parametric 8.0 software to make biomimetic Voronoi lattice models that accurately reflect the complex geometry and mechanical properties of trabecular bone. The porosity of human cancellous bone is accurately modeled in this work using biomimetic Voronoi lattice models. The porosities range from 70% to 95%, which can be achieved by changing the pore sizes to 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and 2.5 mm. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to examine the displacements, stresses, and strains acting on dental implants with a buttress thread, abutment, retaining screw, and biting load surface. The results show that the Voronoi model accurately depicts the complex anatomy of the trabecular bone in the human jaw, compared to standard solid block models. The ideal pore size for biomimetic Voronoi lattice trabecular bone models is 2 mm, taking in to account both the von Mises stress distribution over the dental implant, screw retention, cortical bone, cancellous bone, and micromotions. This pore size displayed balanced performance by successfully matching natural bone’s mechanical characteristics. Advanced FEA improves the biomechanical understanding of how bones and implants interact by creating more accurate models of biological problems and dynamic loading situations. This makes biomechanical engineering better.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing 3D Dental Implant Finite Element Analysis: Incorporating Biomimetic Trabecular Bone with Varied Pore Sizes in Voronoi Lattices

Alemayehu,

Todoh,

Huang

2024

JFB

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Evaluation of Bone Turnover around Short Finned Implants in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla: A Finite Element Study

Kondratiev,

Demenko,

Linetskiy

et al. 2024

Prosthesis

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Background/Objectives: Dental implants have emerged as a modern solution for edentulous jaws, showing high success rates. However, the implant’s success often hinges on the patient’s bone quality and quantity, leading to higher failure rates in poor bone sites. To address this issue, short implants have become a viable alternative to traditional approaches like bone sinus lifting. Among these, Bicon® short implants with a plateau design are popular for their increased surface area, offering potential advantages over threaded implants. Despite their promise, the variability in patient-specific bone quality remains a critical factor influencing implant success and bone turnover regulated by bone strains. Excessive strains can lead to bone loss and implant failure according to Frost’s “Mechanostat” theory. To better understand the implant biomechanical environment, numerical simulation (FEA) is invaluable for correlating implant and bone parameters with strain fields in adjacent bone. The goal was to establish key relationships between short implant geometry, bone quality and quantity, and strain levels in the adjacent bone of patient-dependent elasticity to mitigate the risk of implant failure by avoiding pathological strains. Methods: Nine Bicon Integra-CP™ implants were chosen. Using CT scans, three-dimensional models of the posterior maxilla were created in Solidworks 2022 software to represent the most challenging scenario with minimal available bone, and the implant models were positioned in the jaw with the implant apex supported by the sinus cortical bone. Outer dimensions of the maxilla segment models were determined based on a prior convergence test. Implants and abutments were considered as a single unit made of titanium alloy. The bone segments simulated types III/IV bone by different cancellous bone elasticities and by variable cortical bone elasticity moduli selected based on an experimental data range. Both implants and bone were treated as linearly elastic and isotropic materials. Boundary conditions were restraining the disto-mesial and cranial surfaces of the bone segments. The bone–implant assemblies were subjected to oblique loads, and the bone’s first principal strain fields were analyzed. Maximum strain values were compared with the “minimum effective strain pathological” threshold of 3000 microstrain to assess the implant prognosis. Results: Physiological strains ranging from 490 to 3000 microstrain were observed in the crestal cortical bone, with no excessive strains detected at the implant neck area across different implant dimensions and cortical bone elasticity. In cancellous bone, maximum strains were observed at the first fin tip and were influenced by the implant diameter and length, as well as bone quality and cortical bone elasticity. In the spectrum of modeled bone elasticity and implant dimensions, increasing implant diameter from 4.5 to 6.0 mm resulted in a reduction in maximum strains by 34% to 52%, depending on bone type and cortical bone elasticity. Similarly, increasing implant length from 5.0 to 8.0 mm led to a reduction in maximum strains by 15% to 37%. Additionally, a two-fold reduction in cancellous bone elasticity modulus (type IV vs. III) corresponded to an increase in maximum strains by 16% to 59%. Also, maximum strains increased by 86% to 129% due to a decrease in patient-dependent cortical bone elasticity from the softest to the most rigid bone. Conclusions: The findings have practical implications for dental practitioners planning short finned implants in the posterior maxilla. In cases where the quality of cortical bone is uncertain and bone height is insufficient, wider 6.0 mm diameter implants should be preferred to mitigate the risk of pathological strains. Further investigations of cortical bone architecture and elasticity in the posterior maxilla are recommended to develop comprehensive clinical recommendations considering bone volume and quality limitations. Such research can potentially enable the placement of narrower implants in cases of insufficient bone.

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A comprehensive biomechanical evaluation of length and diameter of dental implants using finite element analyses: A systematic review

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

Advancing 3D Dental Implant Finite Element Analysis: Incorporating Biomimetic Trabecular Bone with Varied Pore Sizes in Voronoi Lattices

Advancing 3D Dental Implant Finite Element Analysis: Incorporating Biomimetic Trabecular Bone with Varied Pore Sizes in Voronoi Lattices

Evaluation of Bone Turnover around Short Finned Implants in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla: A Finite Element Study

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