A completely transparent, adhesively bonded soda-lime glass block masonry system

Oikonomopoulou, Faidra; Veer, Fred; Nijsse, Rob; Baardolf, K.

doi:10.3233/fde-150021

Cited by 20 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Akerboom (2016). A similar concept of glass columns consisting of adhesively bonded cast glass bricks has been tested by Oikonomopoulou et al (2015b) and Felekou (2016).…”

Section: Previous Examples Of All Glass Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and experimental testing of the bundled glass column

et al. 2017

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Glass columns are a promising solution for transparent structural members, capable of transferring the compressive loads in a building while allowing for light and space continuity. Several different types of allglass columns have been explored in the past, nevertheless, they are seldom applied in construction. Reasons include complications in fabrication, lack of adequate strength data but foremost the decreased safety due to the inherent brittleness of glass. This work presents the engineering steps towards the realization of the bundled glass column, from its fabrication method to the experimental testing of series of prototypes in several lengths. Composed of multiple adhesively bonded standardized extruded borosilicate rods, this column can be manufactured relatively easily, achieving a high visual result and sufficient load-bearing capacity. Initially, compressive testing is conducted on series of small-scale prototypes to evaluate the degree of coupling of the rods and the influence of spliced joints along the length of the individual components. Based on the findings, prototypes on a scale relevant to buildings are produced and The results demonstrate that the designed bundled column can perform monolithically under loading and has sufficient load-carrying capacity to be considered a structural element. Post-tensioning of the column can contribute to a consistent failure but further development is necessary so that sufficient cooperation between the glass and the steel tendon is achieved.

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“…Akerboom (2016). A similar concept of glass columns consisting of adhesively bonded cast glass bricks has been tested by Oikonomopoulou et al (2015b) and Felekou (2016).…”

Section: Previous Examples Of All Glass Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and experimental testing of the bundled glass column

et al. 2017

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“…Previous structural and visual tests by Oikonomopoulou et al (2015b) suggested the bonding of the complete contact surface between blocks. The uniform application of the adhesive besides ensuring a homogeneous load distribution, is also essential for maximizing transparency.…”

Section: Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small wall prototypes by Oikonomopoulou et al (2015b), comprising glass elements of different tolerance range, pointed out that a homogeneous bond thicker than 0.3 mm cannot be obtained due to the adhesive's flow properties and medium viscosity. Besides compromising the visual result, inconsistent bonding introduces weaker structural zones.…”

Section: Principles Of the Adhesively Bonded Solid Glass Block Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. Based on previous realized examples of solid glass block façades Oikonomopoulou et al (2015b), lists three intertwined factors that define the structural performance and the transparency level of a self-supporting glass block façade: (1) the choice between hollow or solid glass bricks, (2) the choice between structural adhesive bonding or supporting substructure and (3) the façade's overall geometry. In principle, a bearing wall of the aforementioned size employing exclusively solid glass bricks is feasible owing to the compressive strength of glass (stated between 400-600 MPa for uniaxial loading by Fink (2000) and 300-420 MPa by Granta Design Limited (2015) and the considerable cross-section of the solid glass bricks (210 mm) that allow the façade to carry its dead load and have an enhanced buckling resistance.…”

Section: Principles Of the Adhesively Bonded Solid Glass Block Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most favourable structural performance is when adhesive and glass bricks fully cooperate and the masonry wall behaves as a single rigid unit under loading, resulting in a homogeneous load distribution. Extended research and testing of various adhesive types by Oikonomopoulou et al (2015b) lead to the eventual selection of Delo Photobond 4468; a colorless, UV-curing, one-component acrylate of the Delo Photobond family, designed for high strength bonding between glass components. Adhesives of the Delo Photobond family have already been applied for the bonding of all-glass structures, i.e.…”

Section: Principles Of the Adhesively Bonded Solid Glass Block Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The construction of the Crystal Houses façade: challenges and innovations

et al. 2017

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A novel glass brick façade has been designed and engineered to reproduce the original brick façade of a former townhouse in Amsterdam. Based on the original design the resulting façade comprises more than 6500 solid glass bricks, reinterpreting the traditional brick pattern, and elaborated cast glass elements for the replication of the window and door frames. To achieve unhindered transparency, the 10 by 12 m glass block façade has to be self-supporting. Previous experimental work by Oikonomopoulou et al. (J Facade Design Eng 2(3-4):201-222, 2015b. doi:10. 3233/fde-150021) concluded that it was necessary to use a clear, UV-curing adhesive of high stiffness as bonding material. Experimental work on prototype elements indicated that the desired monolithic structural performance of the glass masonry system, as well as a homogeneous visual result, are only achieved when the selected adhesive is applied in a 0.2-0.3 mm thick layer. The nearly zero thickness of the adhesive together with the request for unimpeded transparency introduced numerous engineering challenges. These include the production of highly accurate glass bricks and the homogeneous application of the adhesive to achieve the construction of the entire façade with remarkably tight allowable tolerances. This paper presents the main challenges confronted during the construction of the novel façade and records the innovative solutions implemented, from the casting of the glass units to the completion of the façade. Based on the conclusions of the research and the technical experience gained by the realization of the project, recommendations are made on the further improvement of the presented glass masonry system towards future applications.

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Structural Glass in Architecture

Bos

Louter

2021

Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture

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A completely transparent, adhesively bonded soda-lime glass block masonry system

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Design and experimental testing of the bundled glass column

Design and experimental testing of the bundled glass column

The construction of the Crystal Houses façade: challenges and innovations

Structural Glass in Architecture

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