A comparison study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three Indian cities using PUF disk passive air samplers

Cheng, Hairong; Deng, Zongming; Chakraborty, Paromita; Liu, Di; Zhang, Ruijie; Yue, Xu; Luo, Chao; Zhang, Gan; Li, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.001

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In Kolkata, coal combustion, vehicle exhaust, and wood burning contributed equally to PAHs, as supported by previous studies (Reddy et al, 2002, Cheng et al, 2013. Compared with other cities in India, Kolkata relies more on traditional industries (e.g., brick factories) than on light and high-tech industries.…”

Section: Sources Of Pahs In the Five Citiessupporting

confidence: 63%

“…3), as reported previously (Cheng et al, 2013). Samples collected during 2010 in a residential area near a moderately trafficked main road (Kolkata 1) had more vehicle-derived PAHs than samples collected in 2011 from Jadavpur University, around 500 m from a highly trafficked main road (Kolkata 2) (Fig.…”

Section: Spatial Pattern Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Emissions from coal-fired power plants and heating amenities are the major source of PM 2.5 PAHs. Atmospheric PAH levels in the Indian cities of Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai are higher than in other cities around the world (Cheng et al, 2013), but are derived mainly from traditional biomass resources (Masih et al, 2012). In other cities such as Hanoi, Vietnam, multitudes of large commercial vehicles and motorbikes contribute greatly to PAHs (Kishida et al, 2008;Thuy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Trends of Atmospheric PAHs in Five Asian Megacities and Source Detection Using Suitable Biomarkers

Saha

Maharana

Kurumisawa

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The most prevalent pollutant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is now plenteously distributed in the global atmosphere. We recently quantified 36 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with aerosols (particulate matter: PM) in five Asian cities: Tokyo (Japan), Beijing (China), Kolkata (India), Hanoi (Vietnam), and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). Average atmospheric PAH concentrations (∑12 PAHs-ng m -3 ) increased in the order of Kuala Lumpur (2.99) ≈ Tokyo (3.95) < Hanoi (7.99) << Kolkata (63.5) << Beijing (142.8). The most abundant PAHs in PM samples in these cities were chrysene, benz [a]anthracene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene. We used the PAH compositions, especially the relative abundances of alkylated PAHs, and hopanes to determine vehicle exhaust-derived PAHs, and levoglucosan as a tracer for biomass burning, especially from wood combustion. Vehicle exhaust contributed to atmospheric PAHs in all cities, indicated by higher ratios of (C 30 17α)/total PAHs and MPAHs/PAHs than coal and wood combustion products. Coal combustion contributed also in winter aerosols in Beijing, indicated by higher abundance of β isomers i.e., 17β21β (H)-C 30 hopane (C 30 17β) and 17β21β (H)-C 29 hopane (C 29 17β) signifying mass use of coal for heating. The ratio of levoglucosan/PAHs was high in Kuala Lumpur and Hanoi, suggesting greater inputs of PAHs from biomass burning there.

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Section: Sources Of Pahs In the Five Citiessupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Spatial Pattern Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Trends of Atmospheric PAHs in Five Asian Megacities and Source Detection Using Suitable Biomarkers

Saha

Maharana

Kurumisawa

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Table 3 shows a comparison of the derived TEQ values with those observed in previous studies. Although the level in the monsoon season was slightly lower, the average annual TEQ values were markedly higher than those of cities in India (Masih et al, 2010;Cheng et al, 2013) and China (Zhu et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2005), indicating that the carcinogenic risk of atmospheric PAHs in Kathmandu is extremely high. Furthermore, PAHs are present in the atmosphere in both particle and gas phases.…”

Section: Teq Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Chen

Kang

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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• High concentrations of 4-6 ring PAHs were reported in the atmosphere of Kathmandu.• PAH concentrations in non-monsoon season were higher than those in monsoon season.• PAH ratios indicated that diesel and biomass fuels were main emission sources.• Toxic equivalent concentration of PAHs was 26 times higher than the WHO guideline. The Kathmandu Valley in the foothills of the Himalayas, where the capital city of Nepal is located, has one of the most serious air pollution problems in the world. In this study, total suspended particle (TSP) samples collected over a year (April 2013-March 2014 in the Kathmandu Valley were analyzed for determining the concentrations of 15 priority particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The TSP and PAH concentrations were extremely high, with annual average concentration being 199 ± 124 μg/m 3 and 155 ± 130 ng/m 3 , respectively, which are comparable to those observed in Asian cities such as Beijing and Delhi. The TSP and PAH concentrations varied considerably, with the seasonal average concentration being maximal during the post-monsoon season followed by, in descending order, the winter, pre-monsoon, and monsoon seasons. In the winter and premonsoon seasons, ambient TSP and PAH concentrations increased because of emissions from brick kilns and the use of numerous small generators. Moreover, in the pre-monsoon season, forest fires in the surrounding regions influenced the TSP and PAH concentrations in the valley. PAHs with 4 to 6 rings constituted a predominant proportion (92.3-93.3%) of the total PAHs throughout the year. Evaluation of diagnostic molecular ratios indicated that the atmospheric PAHs in the Kathmandu Valley originated mainly from diesel and biomass G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v combustion. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of particle phase PAHs ranged between 2.74 and 81.5 ng TEQ/ m 3 , which is considerably higher than those reported in other South Asian cities, and 2-80 times higher than the World Health Organization guideline (1 ng TEQ/m 3 ). This suggests that ambient PAH levels in the Kathmandu Valley pose a serious health risk to its approximately 3.5 million residents.

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“…PAHs are mostly accumulated in densely populated urban areas such as city center as opposed to rural areas for obvious reasons. Because of the health concerns, number of PAH studies carried out in rural and urban areas enormously increased [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Phase-Segregated Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in North Western Part of Turkey Analysed by GC-MS

Taylan¹,

G²

2017

J Anal Bioanal Tech

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Seasonal and spatial variation and sources of phase-distributed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Northwestern part of Turkey was studied for pollution level and sources appointment. Daily sampling of air was done for one year in two sites; Balıkesir city and the dam lake. Samples were analyzed by using GC-MS. The sum of the total concentration of PAHs was 517 ± 425 ng/ml for city and 153 ± 108 ng/ml dam lake respectively. Seasonal variations were observed sharply, for the city winter highest of 700 ng/ml. Highest observed concentration for Dam Lake was 160 ng/ml in summer season. Gas to particle phase partitioning was calculated and dam lake data was more favoring for the study. In summer gas/particle ratio was 38. We have observed in city low molecular weight PAHs were in the gas phase. In winter Gas/particle ratio was in between 2-5. Diagnostic ratio analysis and factor analysis indicated combustion and vehicular emission as the major sources for PAHs pollution. No. 1104) in hot water and rinsed with deionized water and acetone. Rinsed glassware was dried in an oven for overnight.Heidolph rotary evaporator (laborota 4000 efficient) and mini-vap evaporator with six ports (Catalog No. 22970, 192 Cat. No. 22971) were used for solvent evaporation and Bransonic ultrasonic bath (Model B-2200 E4, 205 W, and 220 V) for the sample extractions. Deionized water (ultra-filtered type 1 water) was obtained from y Barnstead nanopure ultrapure water system. Two sampling sites were considered for the study; İkizcetepeler Dam Lake as Rural site and the urban site was the garden of the education faculty of Balıkesir University. The Balıkesir University located in city center. İkizcetepeler Dam Lake was built in 1986-1991, for multi purposes such as irrigation, drinking water, and flood prevention. The surface area of dam lake is 9.6 km 2 and located at 52.0 m above the sea level. The distance between both sites; Dam lake and Balikesir University is 25 km. İkizcetepeler dam lake sites is under the influence of the urban pollution and dense traffic emissions from these cities Balıkesir-İzmir-Bursa. The high traffic route near dam lake is one of the other reason for our study of Dam lake and balikesir university located in the city. The map of the sampling site is given in Figure 1. Sample collectionAtmospheric sampling of the gas and particle phase of PAHs were performed with Thermo Andersen high volume sampler (GPS II). Particle phase pollutants were collected on glass fiber filter with 90 mm diameter. Gas phase PAHs were collected on polyurethane foams (PUF) with an air flow of 0.225 m 3 /min for 24-hour. Glass fiber samples extractionAt first, glass fiber filters were heated to clean in a furnace at 400°C for 5 hours. Then, they were weighed and placed in petri dishes separately and preserved in the desiccator until extraction. Samples were extracted with ultrasonic bath. The filter sample was spiked with 1 mg/L surrogate solution and extracted in a 50 ml beaker for about 15 minutes with a 20 ml of DCM and ac...

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A comparison study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three Indian cities using PUF disk passive air samplers

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

Seasonal Trends of Atmospheric PAHs in Five Asian Megacities and Source Detection Using Suitable Biomarkers

Seasonal Trends of Atmospheric PAHs in Five Asian Megacities and Source Detection Using Suitable Biomarkers

Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Phase-Segregated Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in North Western Part of Turkey Analysed by GC-MS

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