A Comparison of the physical properties of two commercial 3D printing PLA grades

Bermudez, Diego; Quiñonez, Paulina A.; Vasquez, Evelyn J.; Carrete, Israel A.; Word, Truman J.; Roberson, David A.

doi:10.1080/17452759.2021.1910047

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The fracture surface of the printed polymer demonstrates brittle features that can be seen in the SEM images. These fracture features are similar for all four time points which demonstrate mirror, mist, and hackle transitions typical of a brittle fracture mode. − The crack initiation site (highlighted by the black arrow) is angled, and it starts at one corner of the fracture surface; it is followed by small mirror and mist regions (indicated by white arrows). The hackle region, which follows the mist region, takes up most of the fracture surfaces on all four specimens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Materials Characterization of Stereolithography 3D Printed Polymer to Develop a Self-Driven Microfluidic Device for Bioanalytical Applications

Stark,

Gamboa,

Esparza

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing is a rapid prototyping technique and reproducible manufacturing platform, which makes it a useful tool to develop advanced microfluidic devices for bioanalytical applications. However, limited information exists regarding the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the photocured polymers printed with SLA. This study demonstrates the characterization of a commercially available SLA 3D printed polymer to evaluate the potential presence of any time-dependent changes in material properties that may affect its ability to produce functional, capillary-action microfluidic devices. The printed polymer was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance, contact angle measurements, tensile test, impact test, scanning electron microscopy, and fluid flow analysis. Polymer biocompatibility was assessed with propidium iodide flow cytometry and an MTT assay for cell viability. The material characterization and biocompatibility results were then implemented to design and fabricate a self-driven capillary action microfluidic device for future use as a bioanalytical assay. This study demonstrates temporally stable mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the SLA polymer. However, surface characterization through contact angle measurements shows the polymer’s wettability changes over time which indicates there is a limited postprinting period when the polymer can be used for capillary-based fluid flow. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing SLA as a high-throughput manufacturing method for capillary action microfluidic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Materials Characterization of Stereolithography 3D Printed Polymer to Develop a Self-Driven Microfluidic Device for Bioanalytical Applications

Stark,

Gamboa,

Esparza

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…For the Tg1 to show up consistently, it required at least 2 hours of natural ageing at 20 ºC after the FFF process, figure 4, making this double Tg a potential problem if any study on the literature made a DSC on right-after-printed samples at ageing times lower than 2 hours. Notice that the PLA 4043D-based materials are commonly studied in the literature [11]- [18]. Samples studied at 0.5 hours after being printed did not show Tg1, figure 4.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Heating PLA for Controlling Accelerate Ageing after FFF

Pastor¹,

Tarancón²,

Orellana-Barrasa³

2022

Preprint

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The effects of post-treatment temperature-based methods on 1D single PLA filaments after FFF have been studied. This lets to decouple the variables related to the 3D structure (layer height, raster angle, infill density, and others) from the variables solely related to the material (molecular weight, molecular orientation, crystallinity, and others). PLA 1D filaments have been aged at 20, 39, 42, 51, 65, 75 and 80 ºC in a water-bath-inspired process in which the hydrolytic degradation of the PLA has been minimised for the ageing temperatures of interest. The evolution of the thermal and mechanical properties of the PLA filaments at different temperatures was recorded. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate thermal and physical properties, in which the glass transition, enthalpic relaxation, crystallisation and melting reactions were analysed. Tensile tests were performed to evaluate the tensile strength and elastic modulus. The flow-induced molecular orientation, the degradation, the logistic fitting and the so-called summer effect –stabilisation of properties at higher temperatures– are discussed for assessing the safeness of accelerating ageing.

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“…Annealing treatments are typically performed at slow heating and cooling rates between the T g and T m for semi-crystalline polymer samples [51]. When treatment conditions are selected properly, residual stresses from fast cooling can be relieved and crystallinity levels increase, influencing optical and mechanical properties [51][52][53][54]. Wach et al achieved improvements in flexural stress values by 11-17% when annealing FFF-printed PLA specimens to upwards of 30 C for 1 h [55,56].…”

Section: Pla: Overview and Fff Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a Framework for Fused Filament Fabrication Process Optimization: A Case Study with PLA Filaments

2023

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Developments in polymer 3D printing (3DP) technologies have expanded their scope beyond the rapid prototyping space into other high-value markets, including the consumer sector. Processes such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) are capable of quickly producing complex, low-cost components using a wide variety of material types, such as polylactic acid (PLA). However, FFF has seen limited scalability in functional part production partly due to the difficulty of process optimization with its complex parameter space, including material type, filament characteristics, printer conditions, and “slicer” software settings. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish a multi-step process optimization methodology—from printer calibration to “slicer” setting adjustments to post-processing—to make FFF more accessible across material types, using PLA as a case study. The results showed filament-specific deviations in optimal print conditions, where part dimensions and tensile properties varied depending on the combination of nozzle temperature, print bed conditions, infill settings, and annealing condition. By implementing the filament-specific optimization framework established in this study beyond the scope of PLA, more efficient processing of new materials will be possible for enhanced applicability of FFF in the 3DP field.

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A Comparison of the physical properties of two commercial 3D printing PLA grades

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Materials Characterization of Stereolithography 3D Printed Polymer to Develop a Self-Driven Microfluidic Device for Bioanalytical Applications

Materials Characterization of Stereolithography 3D Printed Polymer to Develop a Self-Driven Microfluidic Device for Bioanalytical Applications

Effects of Heating PLA for Controlling Accelerate Ageing after FFF

Establishing a Framework for Fused Filament Fabrication Process Optimization: A Case Study with PLA Filaments

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