A comparison of the activities of various supported catalysts for ammonia synthesis

A comparative analysis of the mechanisms of ammonia synthesis on various catalysts using density functional theory

“…There are also supported metal ammonia synthesis catalysts that have been recently screened, and in a comparison of a number of systems, Ru/Al 2 O 3 was observed to have comparatively high activity followed by supported Os and CoRe catalysts [ 27 ].…”

On the effect of metal loading on the performance of Co catalysts supported on mixed MgO–La2O3 oxides for ammonia synthesis

“…It also releases ∼2.5% of worldwide fossil fuel-based CO 2 emissions (670 million tonnes of CO 2 emissions per year with a production scale of ∼174 million tonnes per year). 27,28 In light of these facts, replacing the conventional fossil-fuelled Haber-Bosch process with renewable source-powered ammonia production is of increasing interest, especially in view of more restrictive environmental requirements regarding emissions reduction. Nevertheless, the ever-growing population (predicted 9.7 billion people in 2050) and the ever-increasing demand for fertilisers make it impossible to turn away from the traditional industrial ammonia synthesis process.…”

“…The development of a catalytic system enabling the efficient synthesis of ammonia is thus of great importance and has attracted much interest. 27,[29][30][31][32][33][34] The ammonia synthesis reaction is generally mediated by transition metals (such as Fe, Ru, Os, Mo, Re, Co, Rh) owing to their advantageous combination of occupied and unoccupied dorbitals that can backdonate/accept electrons to/from the N 2 molecule. 29 Currently, the industrial process is carried out over the iron-based catalyst and, to some extent, the ruthenium catalyst.…”

“…The development of a catalytic system enabling the efficient synthesis of ammonia is thus of great importance and has attracted much interest. 27,29–34…”

Process Intensification for Ammonia Synthesis in Multibed Reactors with Fe-Wustite and Ru/C Catalysts

“…The different catalysts for ammonia synthesis have been recently reviewed . Furthermore, a comparison between different active phases (Co, Ru, Mo, and Ni) and supports was recently proposed . Fe-based and Ru-based catalysts are state-of-the-art catalytic materials. − In particular, Fe-based catalysts were originally obtained from magnetite, while in the last two decades, wustite is preferred as the precursor since it allows significantly higher conversion per pass at moderate space velocities.…”