A Comparison of Risk Factors for HCV-mono-infection, HIV-mono-infection, and HCV/HIV-co-infection in a Community Setting

Bollepalli, Srigayatri; Mathieson, Kathleen; Jasiurkowski, Beata; Hillier, Amy; Post, John; S, Bhanu; Martin, D.; Thiel, David H. Van; Nadir, Abdul

doi:10.1007/s10620-007-9856-7

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is consistent with other studies that have found that male sex, black race, and Hispanic ethnicity are associated with higher risk of HIV co-infection with HBV and HCV [10, 12, 17]. The HIV transmission risk categories of individuals at highest risk for HIV co-infection with HBV or HCV in NYC were also consistent with the transmission routes of and reported risk factors for HBV and HCV [10, 11, 13–16, 18]. The largest proportion of HIV/HBV-infected individuals were MSM, while the largest proportion of HIV/HCV-infected and HIV/HBV/HCV-infected individuals had a history of IDU.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Multiple clinical cohort and cross-sectional studies have studied the prevalence of and risk factors for HBV and HCV co-infection in groups of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) throughout the world [7,[10][11][12][13][14]. Another important method for assessing the prevalence of HIV co-infection with HBV and/or HCV and the characteristics of co-infected patients is to match surveillance data for each infection collected by state or local health departments [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection in New York City, 2000–2010: prevalence and case characteristics

et al. 2014

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Using surveillance data, we describe the prevalence and characteristics of individuals in New York City (NYC) co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Surveillance databases including persons reported to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene with HIV, HBV, and HCV by 31 December 2010 and not known to be dead as of 1 January 2000, were matched with 2000-2011 vital statistics mortality data. Of 140 606 persons reported with HIV, 4% were co-infected with HBV only, 15% were co-infected with HCV only, and 1% were co-infected with HBV and HCV. In all groups, 70-80% were male. The most common race/ethnicity and HIV transmission risk groups were non-Hispanic blacks and men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIV/HBV infection, and non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and injection drug users for HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infections. The overall age-adjusted 2000-2011 mortality was higher in co-infected than HIV mono-infected individuals. Use of population-based surveillance data provided a comprehensive characterization of HIV co-infection with HBV and HCV. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting HIV and viral hepatitis testing and prevention efforts to populations at risk for co-infection, and of integrating HIV and viral hepatitis care and testing services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection in New York City, 2000–2010: prevalence and case characteristics

et al. 2014

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“…Additionally, three of them were known to be co-infected with HIV. It has been reported that equipment used during, before, or after sexual activity [ 33 ], high-risk sexual behaviour in general [ 34 – 35 ], as well as the use of drugs [ 36 – 37 ], could be associated to a higher risk of HCV transmission, showing a potential role of multifactorial risk behaviour instead of transmission through one dominant route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse or reinfection after failing hepatitis C direct acting antiviral treatment: Unravelled by phylogenetic analysis

et al. 2018

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Despite high response rates associated to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, no protective immunity is acquired, allowing for reinfection and continued infectiousness. Distinguishing between relapse and reinfection is crucial for patient counselling and to choose the most appropriate retreatment. Here, refined phylogenetic analysis using multiple genes served to assess genotype and reinfection for 53 patients for whom the virus was sampled before start of therapy and at time of sustained virological response evaluation at week 12. At baseline, genotypes were determined as HCV1a (41.5%), HCV1b (24.5%), HCV4 (18.9%) and HCV3a (15.1%), while six cases revealed to be discordantly assigned by phylogeny and commercial assays. Overall, 60.4% was co-infected with HIV. The large majority was classified as people who inject drugs (78.6%), often co-infected with HIV. Transmission was sexual in seven cases, of which five in HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men. Overall, relapse was defined for 44 patients, while no conclusion was drawn for four patients. Five patients were reinfected with a different HCV strain, of which three with a different genotype, showing that phylogeny is needed not only to determine the genotype, but also to distinguish between relapse and intra-subtype reinfection. Of note, phylogenies are more reliable when longer fragments of the viral genome are being sequenced.

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“…The rather limited evidence available points to the independent role of various behavioral and socio-demographic factors. Behavioral factors include: longer periods of injection drug use [ 5 , 28 – 33 ]; receptive sharing of injection equipment [ 5 , 32 – 36 ]; frequent injection [ 5 , 31 – 33 , 35 ]; present or past incarceration [ 29 , 35 , 37 , 38 ]; drug use during incarceration [ 39 ]; and high risk sexual behavior [ 30 ]. Socio-demographic factors include: residence in metropolitan areas where injection drug use takes place [ 5 ]; female gender [ 5 ]; older age [ 5 , 39 ]; ethnicity (in northern American studies, e.g., Hispanic in [ 29 ] and Canadian aboriginal in [ 5 ]); and lower education [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV/HIV coinfection among people who inject drugs and enter opioid substitution treatment in Greece: prevalence and correlates

Fotiou

Kanavou

Antaraki

et al. 2016

Hepatology Medicine Policy

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BackgroundHCV/HIV coinfection in people who inject drugs is a public health issue, which presents a variety of challenges to healthcare providers. The determinants of HCV/HIV coinfection in this population are nonetheless not well known. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors associated with HCV/HIV coinfection in people who inject drugs and enter drug-related treatment.MethodsLinked serological and behavioral data were collected from people who entered 38 opioid substitution treatment clinics in central and southern Greece between January and December 2013. Three mutually exclusive groups were defined based on the presence of HCV and HIV antibodies. Group 1 clients had neither infection, Group 2 had HCV but not HIV, and Group 3 had HCV/HIV coinfection. Multinomial logistic regression analyses identified differences between groups according to socio-demographic, drug use and higher-risk behavioral characteristics.ResultsOur study population consisted of 580 people who injected drugs in the past 12 months (79.8 % males, with median age 36 years).79.4 % were HCV and 15.7 % HIV infected. Of those with complete serological data in both HCV and HIV indicators, 20.4 % were uninfected, 64.0 % HCV monoinfected, and 14.9 % HCV/HIV coinfected. HCV infection with or without HIV coinfection was positively associated with living alone or with a spouse/partner without children, prior incarceration, drug injecting histories of ≥10 years, and syringe sharing in the past 12 months, and negatively associated with never having previously been tested for HCV. HCV/HIV coinfection, but not HCV infection alone, was positively associated with residence in urban areas (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 4.8, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–13.7, p = 0.004) and averaging >3 injections a day in the past 30 days (RRR = 4.5, 95 % CI: 1.6–12.8, p = 0.005), and negatively associated with using a condom in the last sexual intercourse.ConclusionsPeople who inject drugs and live in urban areas and inject frequently have higher risk of coinfection. Findings highlight the need for scaling-up needle and syringe programs in inner city areas and promoting access of this population to screening and treatment, especially in prisons. The protective role of living with parents and children could inform the implementation of indicated interventions.

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A Comparison of Risk Factors for HCV-mono-infection, HIV-mono-infection, and HCV/HIV-co-infection in a Community Setting

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection in New York City, 2000–2010: prevalence and case characteristics

HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection in New York City, 2000–2010: prevalence and case characteristics

Relapse or reinfection after failing hepatitis C direct acting antiviral treatment: Unravelled by phylogenetic analysis

HCV/HIV coinfection among people who inject drugs and enter opioid substitution treatment in Greece: prevalence and correlates

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