A Comparison of Different Matrices for the Laboratory Diagnosis of the Epizootic American Foulbrood of Honey Bees

Ebeling, Julia; Reinecke, Antonia; Sibum, Niklas; Fünfhaus, Anne; Aumeier, Pia; Otten, Christoph; Genersch, Elke

doi:10.3390/vetsci10020103

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Locke et al [ 11 ] have been successful in reducing AFB from 74 to 4% by monitoring bees in autumn followed by the application of appropriate measures in early spring. Their monitoring procedure can be compared with our cultural analyses of honey as it provides information over a longer period of time [ 20 ]. Nevertheless, in our study, a much lower percentage of bee colonies harbored spores in the beginning of the monitoring period (74% versus 8.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Paenibacillus larvae in Lower Austria through DNA-Based Detection without De-Sporulation: 2018 to 2022

Wilhelm¹,

Korschineck²,

Sigmund

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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American foulbrood is caused by the spore-forming Paenibacillus larvae. Although the disease effects honey bee larvae, it threatens the entire colony. Clinical signs of the disease are seen at a very late stage of the disease and bee colonies are often beyond saving. Therefore, through active monitoring based on screening, an infection can be detected early and bee colonies can be protected with hygiene measures. As a result, the pressure to spread in an area remains low. The cultural and molecular biological detection of P. larvae is usually preceded by spore germination before detection. In this study, we compared the results of two methods, the culture detection and RT-PCR detection of DNA directly isolated from spores. Samples of honey and cells with honey surrounding the brood were used in a five-year voluntary monitoring program in a western part of Lower Austria. DNA-extraction from spores to speed up detection involved one chemical and two enzymatic steps before mechanical bashing-beat separation and additional lysis. The results are comparable to culture-based methods, but with a large time advantage. Within the voluntary monitoring program, the proportion of bee colonies without the detection of P. larvae was high (2018: 91.9%, 2019: 72.09%, 2020: 74.6%, 2021: 81.35%, 2022: 84.5%), and in most P. larvae-positive bee colonies, only a very low spore content was detected. Nevertheless, two bee colonies in one apiary with clinical signs of disease had to be eradicated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Paenibacillus larvae in Lower Austria through DNA-Based Detection without De-Sporulation: 2018 to 2022

Wilhelm¹,

Korschineck²,

Sigmund

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…The previous research successfully investigated the antibacterial activity of TiO 2 cementitious composites under visible light using the drop plate method [33], while in this work, the growth pattern and the presence of concomitant bacteria were examined using the Petri dish plate method to quantify the antibacterial effect of cementitious surfaces. The method was employed as an alternative method [46][47][48] due to its ability to provide a comparative analysis.…”

Section: Escherichia Coli Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based TiO2 Cement Composites to Enhance the Antibacterial Effect of Self-Disinfecting Surfaces

Hamdany,

Ding,

Qian

2023

Catalysts

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This paper studies the photocatalytic performance of graphene-based titanium dioxide (TiO2) on cementitious composites for the decomposition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) under visible light. Graphene-based TiO2 was first synthesized through a hydrothermal process. The composites were then evaluated in terms of adsorption capability and degradation of methylene blue dyes. The adsorption test shows a remarkable increase in the amount of dye adsorbed into the composite surface. GO-P25 could adsorb around 60% of the initial dye, while less than 10% of the initial dye was adsorbed by pristine TiO2-P25. The synthesized graphene-based TiO2 significantly enhanced the dye degradation activity (94%) compared to pristine P25 (36%) and Krono (52%), even with the longer irradiation time for P25 and Krono. This led to an increase in reaction rate that was almost 20 times that of P25. Considering the good adsorption capabilities and high photodegradation of dye under visible light for GO-P25, cement-based surfaces containing GO-P25 are expected to be improved for the decomposition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) under visible light. Graphene-based TiO2 on a cement-based surface showed high antibacterial activity with a 77% reduction in number of bacteria compared to a cement-based surface containing pristine TiO2. This study confirms the effectiveness of the composites for disinfection of E. coli under visible light.

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“…Given its virulence and significant impact on honey bee colonies, AFB is internationally classified as a notifiable disease, requiring mandatory reporting worldwide ( Dickel et al, 2022 ). Considering the severity of the infection, a frequent occurrence, rapid and easy spread, epizooty and enzooty are common ( Ebeling et al, 2023 ). The classification of AFB as a highly dangerous infectious animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health underscores the severity and rapid spread of this disease within apiaries ( Matovic et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core proteome mediated subtractive approach for the identification of potential therapeutic drug target against the honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae

Rebhi,

Basharat,

Wei

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background & Objectives American foulbrood (AFB), caused by the highly virulent, spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, poses a significant threat to honey bee brood. The widespread use of antibiotics not only fails to effectively combat the disease but also raises concerns regarding honey safety. The current computational study was attempted to identify a novel therapeutic drug target against P. larvae, a causative agent of American foulbrood disease in honey bee. Methods We investigated effective novel drug targets through a comprehensive in silico pan-proteome and hierarchal subtractive sequence analysis. In total, 14 strains of P. larvae genomes were used to identify core genes. Subsequently, the core proteome was systematically narrowed down to a single protein predicted as the potential drug target. Alphafold software was then employed to predict the 3D structure of the potential drug target. Structural docking was carried out between a library of phytochemicals derived from traditional Chinese flora (n > 36,000) and the potential receptor using Autodock tool 1.5.6. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was conducted using GROMACS to assess the stability of the best-docked ligand. Results Proteome mining led to the identification of Ketoacyl-ACP synthase III as a highly promising therapeutic target, making it a prime candidate for inhibitor screening. The subsequent virtual screening and MD simulation analyses further affirmed the selection of ZINC95910054 as a potent inhibitor, with the lowest binding energy. This finding presents significant promise in the battle against P. larvae. Conclusions Computer aided drug design provides a novel approach for managing American foulbrood in honey bee populations, potentially mitigating its detrimental effects on both bee colonies and the honey industry.

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A Comparison of Different Matrices for the Laboratory Diagnosis of the Epizootic American Foulbrood of Honey Bees

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Monitoring of Paenibacillus larvae in Lower Austria through DNA-Based Detection without De-Sporulation: 2018 to 2022

Monitoring of Paenibacillus larvae in Lower Austria through DNA-Based Detection without De-Sporulation: 2018 to 2022

Graphene-Based TiO2 Cement Composites to Enhance the Antibacterial Effect of Self-Disinfecting Surfaces

Core proteome mediated subtractive approach for the identification of potential therapeutic drug target against the honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae

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