A Comparison Between the Toxicity of Produced Oil and Gas Condensate Using a New Sediment Bioassay for Deposited Oil

Foekema, E.M.; Schobben, H.P.M.; Marquenie, J. M.; Scholten, M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_7

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The amphipod C. volutator is a deposit and suspension feeder with high motility, and high sensitivity to oil (Foekema et al, 1996;Wake, 2005). In general, crustaceans are more sensitive to oil than other aquatic organisms (Anderson et al, 1974;Gesteira and Dauvin, 2000;Lee et al, 1977;Wake, 2005).…”

Section: Corophium Volutatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obvious effect of the presence of oil (Figure 5.3) indicates that the thickness of the added marine snow was not the only factor determining burrowing behavior. Since C. volutator are quite sensitive to oil (Evers et al, 1997;Foekema et al, 1996;Wake, 2005), this can lead to synergistic effects between oil and marine snow followed by a reduced oil degradation rate. The reduced burrowing shown in Figure 5.3 was mirrored in the reduced survival as well (Figure 5.6).…”

Section: Gradual Exposure To Marine Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine snow enhances the adverse effects of oil on benthic invertebrates 62 oil toxicity to benthic organisms is widely reported, both in experimental studies (e.g., Foekema et al (1996) and Bhattacharyya et al (2003)) and in oil spill observations (e.g., Teal and Howarth (1984), Jewett et al (1999)). The availability of oxygen in deeper layers of the sediment can be increased by the bioturbation activity of many benthic organisms (Pelegrí and Blackburn, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine snow formation during oil spills: additional ecotoxicological consequences for the benthic ecosystem

Eenennaam¹,

Justine²

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Chapter 1 9Other compounds that can occur in oil are sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, mineral salts, as well as trace metals such as iron, nickel, vanadium, and chromium (Fingas, 2011a). Each oil has a different composition of hydrocarbons and other compounds, making oil from each location chemically unique. This property makes it possible to fingerprint the oil, i.e., chemically analyze the oil for its components to identify a particular sample by its uniqueness of its composition (Davis, 2003). ClassificationsCrude oil can be classified according to different properties. The petroleum industry classifies oils according to the geographical location of the production site (e.g., North Sea, Arabian, Alaskan North Slope, Louisiana, West Texas Intermediate), since each production site produces oil with specific physicochemical properties (Fingas, 2011a). Based on the API density, the oil industry measure of density, oil can be classified as light, medium, heavy, and extra heavy. Generally speaking, light crude oil is more valuable because it yields higher amounts of gasoline and diesel fuel when refined. The sulfur content of oil is used to divide oil into sweet and sour. Sweet crude oil contains less than 0.5% sulfur, while sour crude oil contains more than 1% sulfur (Sheridan, 2006). Sulfur in oil is undesirable because of metal corrosion, the need for additional refining steps, and air pollution from burning of sulfur-rich fuels (Carrales Jr. and Martin, 1975). Oil toxicityOil can have many toxic effects: physical, narcotic, or specific. Physical, or mechanical, oil toxicity is mainly relevant in oil spill situations, when birds and marine mammals are physically covered by oil. These images are usually widely reported in the media coverage, and as such physical toxicity is the most visible type of oil toxicity during oil spills (Shigenaka, 2011). Typically, birds and marine mammals are at risk of physical oil toxicity due to oiling of fur or feathers, which reduces insulating capacity and can lead to death from hypothermia or drowning (Bursian et al., 2017;Peterson et al., 2003). Grooming or preening of oiled fur or feathers can also lead to systemic effects due to ingestion of toxic hydrocarbons (Butler et al., 1988). Sessile invertebrates or plants can also be affected by physical oil toxicity: mass mortality occurred among macroalgae and benthic invertebrates due to smothering in the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Peterson et al., 2003). The oil coating prevents access to sunlight, plant nutrients, and planktonic food for filter feeders (Lee et al., 2015). Especially important for plants is the reduced gas exchange and oxygen depletion, which is linked to microbial oil degradation (Mendelssohn et al., 2012). Salt marshes along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico were heavily impacted by oil during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 (Michel et al., 2013). For salt marsh plants, oiling of lower parts or roots is more damaging than oiling of leaves and stems (Lee et al., 2015).Narcotic effects are acute and nonspecific, resul...

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Section: Corophium Volutatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gradual Exposure To Marine Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine snow formation during oil spills: additional ecotoxicological consequences for the benthic ecosystem

Eenennaam¹,

Justine²

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“…are highly sensitive to oil (Foekema et al, 1996;Wake, 2005). In general, crustaceans are more sensitive to oil than other aquatic organisms (Anderson et al, 1974;Gesteira and Dauvin, 2000;Lee et al, 1977;Wake, 2005).…”

Section: 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MOSSFA could affect benthic ecosystems via two mechanisms: 1) direct toxicity of the oil and 2) reduced oxygen availability caused by the microbial degradation of the marine snow. Direct oil toxicity to benthic organisms is widely reported, both in experimental studies (e.g., (Foekema et al, 1996) and (Bhattacharyya et al, 2003)) and in oil spill observations (e.g., (Teal and Howarth, 1984), Lin, 2013), and(Jewett et al, 1999)). The availability of oxygen in deeper layers of the sediment can be increased by the bioturbation activity of many benthic organisms (Pelegrí and Blackburn, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep marine oil spills : Oil-particles-dispersants interaction and impact on oil biodegradation

Rahsepar¹

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Chapter 1 11 General introduction Chapter 2 31 Chemical dispersants: oil biodegradation friend or foe? Chapter 3 49 Oil biodegradation: interactions of artificial marine snow, clay particles, oil and Corexit Chapter 4 65 Marine snow-oil interaction affects n alkanes biodegradation in sediment Chapter 5 85 Marine snow increases the adverse effects of oil on benthic invertebrates Chapter 6 1 19 General discussion on processes impacting oil biodegradation in deep marine oil spills References 145

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Produced Water 2

Reed¹,

Johnsen²

1996

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A Comparison Between the Toxicity of Produced Oil and Gas Condensate Using a New Sediment Bioassay for Deposited Oil

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Marine snow formation during oil spills: additional ecotoxicological consequences for the benthic ecosystem

Marine snow formation during oil spills: additional ecotoxicological consequences for the benthic ecosystem

Deep marine oil spills : Oil-particles-dispersants interaction and impact on oil biodegradation

Produced Water 2

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