A comparative study: use of a Brain-computer Interface (BCI) device by people with cerebral palsy in interaction with computers

Heidrich, Regina de Oliveira; Jensen, Emely; Rebelo, Francisco; Oliveira, Tiago

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201520130413

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Empirical studies with BCI users with physical impairments that employed qualitative research methods, such as qualitative interviews or focus groups, assess some points that reach beyond the medico-technological evaluation of BCIs. Users report benefits in terms of increased independence and autonomy [18], experiencing happiness and enjoyment [10,[19][20][21][22], as well as valuing the opportunity for creativity and self-expression [20][21][22] and self-experience [23]. The possibility of social participation and communication was positively rated [24], whereas the additional workload for their caregivers [18] and their dependence on others [21] was considered worrisome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is it like to use a BCI? – insights from an interview study with brain-computer interface users

Kögel¹,

Jox

Friedrich

2020

BMC Med Ethics

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Background: The neurotechnology behind brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) raises various ethical questions. The ethical literature has pinpointed several issues concerning safety, autonomy, responsibility and accountability, psychosocial identity, consent, privacy and data security. This study aims to assess BCI users' experiences, selfobservations and attitudes in their own right and looks for social and ethical implications. Methods: We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with BCI users, who used the technology for medical reasons. The transcribed interviews were analyzed according to the Grounded Theory coding method. Results: BCI users perceive themselves as active operators of a technology that offers them social participation and impacts their self-definition. Each of these aspects bears its own opportunities and risks. BCIs can contribute to retaining or regaining human capabilities. At the same time, BCI use contains elements that challenge common experiences, for example when the technology is in conflict with the affective side of BCI users. The potential benefits of BCIs are regarded as outweighing the risks in that BCI use is considered to promote valuable qualities and capabilities. BCI users appreciate the opportunity to regain lost capabilities as well as to gain new ones. Conclusions: BCI users appreciate the technology for various reasons. The technology is highly appreciated in cases where it is beneficial in terms of agency, participation and self-definitions. Rather than questioning human nature, the technology can retain and restore characteristics and abilities which enrich our lives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is it like to use a BCI? – insights from an interview study with brain-computer interface users

Kögel¹,

Jox

Friedrich

2020

BMC Med Ethics

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“…Most of the qualitative studies used interview studies or focus groups. Several also opted for observations [81, 82] or discourse analysis [33]. One study focused on non-impaired participants only [54], 16 studies on participants with physical impairments, and four studies on a mixed population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, qualitative data gaining methods were used for this purpose only. The studies which did not specify any qualitative data analyzing methods mostly ran statistical analyses and addressed the qualitative data as secondary [10, 36, 38, 40, 46, 49, 54, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81, 83, 84]. Certain studies aimed also to address ethical aspects related to BCIs [83, 85–87].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a handful of studies examined persons with a singular type of impairment (often in case studies with a single participant). These impairments included stroke [57, 63], cerebral palsy [67, 81], and essential tremor [84]. The exception thus is a total of 12 studies solely (or in combination with non-impaired participants) conducted with persons having ALS [37, 39–41, 50, 58, 59, 74, 88–91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using brain-computer interfaces: a scoping review of studies employing social research methods

Kögel¹,

Schmid²,

Jox³

et al. 2019

BMC Med Ethics

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Background The rapid expansion of research on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) is not only due to the promising solutions offered for persons with physical impairments. There is also a heightened need for understanding BCIs due to the challenges regarding ethics presented by new technology, especially in its impact on the relationship between man and machine. Here we endeavor to present a scoping review of current studies in the field to gain insight into the complexity of BCI use. By examining studies related to BCIs that employ social research methods, we seek to demonstrate the multitude of approaches and concerns from various angles in considering the social and human impact of BCI technology. Methods For this scoping review of research on BCIs’ social and ethical implications, we systematically analyzed six databases, encompassing the fields of medicine, psychology, and the social sciences, in order to identify empirical studies on BCIs. The search yielded 73 publications that employ quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. Results Of the 73 publications, 71 studies address the user perspective. Some studies extend to consideration of other BCI stakeholders such as medical technology experts, caregivers, or health care professionals. The majority of the studies employ quantitative methods. Recurring themes across the studies examined were general user opinion towards BCI, central technical or social issues reported, requests/demands made by users of the technology, the potential/future of BCIs, and ethical aspects of BCIs. Conclusions Our findings indicate that while technical aspects of BCIs such as usability or feasibility are being studied extensively, comparatively little in-depth research has been done on the self-image and self-experience of the BCI user. In general there is also a lack of focus or examination of the caregiver’s perspective. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12910-019-0354-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It includes the eSense attention signal and the power bands as well. Prior work can be found in [ 21 ], wherein people with CP took part in a experiment in which they had to control their attention and relaxation signals to play with different games. In those games, the players had to reach a certain level of attention and/or to keep it over a preset value to make the game advance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Computer Access Using a One-Channel EEG Wireless Sensor

Molina

Guerrero-Cubero

Gómez

et al. 2017

Sensors

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This work studies the feasibility of using mental attention to access a computer. Brain activity was measured with an electrode placed at the Fp1 position and the reference on the left ear; seven normally developed people and three subjects with cerebral palsy (CP) took part in the experimentation. They were asked to keep their attention high and low for as long as possible during several trials. We recorded attention levels and power bands conveyed by the sensor, but only the first was used for feedback purposes. All of the information was statistically analyzed to find the most significant parameters and a classifier based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was also set up. In addition, 60% of the participants were potential users of this technology with an accuracy of over 70%. Including power bands in the classifier did not improve the accuracy in discriminating between the two attentional states. For most people, the best results were obtained by using only the attention indicator in classification. Tiredness was higher in the group with disabilities (2.7 in a scale of 3) than in the other (1.5 in the same scale); and modulating the attention to access a communication board requires that it does not contain many pictograms (between 4 and 7) on screen and has a scanning period of a relatively high tscan≈ 10 s. The information transfer rate (ITR) is similar to the one obtained by other brain computer interfaces (BCI), like those based on sensorimotor rhythms (SMR) or slow cortical potentials (SCP), and makes it suitable as an eye-gaze independent BCI.

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A comparative study: use of a Brain-computer Interface (BCI) device by people with cerebral palsy in interaction with computers

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

What is it like to use a BCI? – insights from an interview study with brain-computer interface users

What is it like to use a BCI? – insights from an interview study with brain-computer interface users

Using brain-computer interfaces: a scoping review of studies employing social research methods

Characterizing Computer Access Using a One-Channel EEG Wireless Sensor

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