A comparative study of the microstructures and optical properties of Cu- and Ag-doped ZnO thin films

Effect of Ag-doping on crystal structure and high temperature thermoelectric properties of c-axis oriented Ca3Co4O9 thin films by pulsed laser deposition

“…For thin films Ag01 and Ag02, the peaks of Ag 3d 3/2 and 3d 5/2 are located at 373.7 and 367.7 eV, respectively, and the spin energy separation is 6.0 eV. This is the characteristic of Ag-O bond [27], indicating that the silver species existing in these two thin films is Ag + ion rather than metallic Ag (Ag 0 ). It should be noted that Ag oxide will be decomposed into metallic Ag at temperatures above 400 • C, while the deposition of the Ag-doped Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 thin films was carried out on a substrate at 700 • C. Thus, neither Ag 2 O nor AgO phases would be generated in the PLD process and all the Ag + ions in samples Ag01 and Ag02 should come from the Ag + substituted at Ca site in the Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 crystal structure.…”

“…On the other hand, for samples Ag03 and Ag04, the 3d peaks of Ag in the XPS spectra are found to shift to higher binding energy, indicating that chemical states of Ag atoms are not uniform in these two Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 thin films. The Ag 3d peaks were further decomposed into two components, Ag + with binding energy of 373.7 and 367.7 eV, and Ag 0 with binding energy of 374.2 and 368.2 eV [27], as shown in Fig. 3.…”

Enhanced photoluminescence properties of Cu-doped ZnO thin films deposited by simultaneous RF and DC magnetron sputtering

“…Additionally, Cu in its Cu 2 þ ionic state (0.072 nm) has similar ionic radius compared to Zn 2 þ (0.074 nm) and the similarities in their electronic shell structure allows Cu 2 þ ions substitution easily into the ZnO host lattice. So far, numerous attempts have been performed to fabricate the Cu-doped ZnO films for specific applications in the field of optoelectronics through various deposition techniques, such as spray pyrolysis [9,12], RF sputtering [13][14][15][16], DC sputtering [17], simultaneous RF and DC magnetron sputtering [18], low-temperature aqueous solution route [19], pulsed laser deposition [20] and co-reactive magnetron sputtering [21]. However, among these, we focused on simultaneous RF and DC magnetron sputtering technique which enables here for better adhesion, tunable dopant concentration and controllability of structural and optical properties by independently doping of dopant element into host lattice.…”

Influence of Low Ag Doping on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Sol-Gel Dip-Coated Nanostructured ZNO Thin Films

“…Among these elements, Ag has been one of the most extensively used dopants whose effects on ZnO thin film properties have been widely investigated [17]; [18]; [21]; [22]; [23]; [24]; [25]; [26]; [27]; [28]; [29]; [30]; [31]. It was reported that the properties of Ag doped ZnO thin films are strongly influenced by deposition techniques, fabrication parameters, annealing treatments and Ag doping concentrations.…”

“…It was reported that the properties of Ag doped ZnO thin films are strongly influenced by deposition techniques, fabrication parameters, annealing treatments and Ag doping concentrations. Despite this large number of experimental reports of Ag doped ZnO thin films, no consensus has been reached; the published data are mostly inconsistent and controversial [17]; [18]; [21]; [22]; [23]; [26]; [27]; [28]; [29]; [30]. Furthermore, only moderate or high Ag doping levels where studied.…”