A comparative study of the 2013 typhoon Haiyan overwash sediments from a coastal cave and beach system at Salcedo, Eastern Samar, central Philippines

Switzer, Adam D.; Felix, Raquel; Soria, Janneli Lea A.; Shaw, Timothy A.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2019.106083

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The sandy tsunami deposits thin landwards over 2.4 km and get patchy with distance to the coast. In contrast, the short period of storm waves entails their quick attenuation and thus limits landward sediment transport to only some tens of meters or few hundreds of meters (e.g., Etienne & Terry, 2012; Hong et al, 2018; Kench et al, 2014; Mattheus & Fowler, 2015; Nott et al, 2013; Switzer et al, 2020). Tsunamis transport sediments some hundreds of meters, in some cases a few kilometers inland (e.g., Abe et al, 2012; Goto et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal erosion and sediment reworking caused by hurricane Irma – implications for storm impact on low‐lying tropical islands

Spiske

Pilarczyk

Mitchell

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Hurricane Irma (September 2017) was one of the most devastating hurricanes in recent times. In January 2018, a post‐hurricane field survey was conducted on Anegada (British Virgin Islands) to report on the erosional and depositional evidence caused by Hurricane Irma's storm surge and waves. We document the type and extent of hurricane‐induced geomorphological changes, allowing for an improved risk assessment of hurricane‐related inundation on low‐lying islands and carbonate platforms. Anegada's north shore was most impacted by Hurricane Irma. The surge reached about 3.8 m above sea level and onshore flow depths ranged between 1.2 to 1.6 m. Storm wave action created 1 to 1.5 m high erosional scarps along the beaches, and the coastline locally retreated by 6 to 8 m. Onshore sand sheets reached up to 40 m inland, overlie a sharp erosive contact and have thicknesses of 7 to 35 cm along the north shore. In contrast, lobate overwash fans in the south are 2 to 10 cm thick and reach 10 to 30 m inland. Moreover, the hurricane reworked a pre‐existing coast‐parallel coral rubble ridge on the central north shore. The crest of the coral rubble ridge shifted up to 10 m inland due to the landward transport of cobbles and boulders (maximum size 0.5 m3) that were part of the pre‐hurricane ridge. A re‐survey, 18 months after the event, assessed the degree of the natural coastal recovery. The sand along the northern shoreline of Anegada that was eroded during the hurricane and stored in the shallow water, acted as a nearshore source for beach reconstruction which set in only days after the event. Beach recovery peaked in February 2018, when beaches accreted within hours during a nor'easter‐like storm that transported large volumes of nearshore sand back onto the beach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal erosion and sediment reworking caused by hurricane Irma – implications for storm impact on low‐lying tropical islands

Spiske

Pilarczyk

Mitchell

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…and abraded subtidal taxa (Peneroplis planatus). These results showed the potential of coastal caves to host wellpreserved archives of paleo storm deposits [81]. The hypothesis of tsunami deposits has also been advanced for sediments of a small Bermudian cave located at 21 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Reconstructing Paleoenvironments In the Present And Past Mar...mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The high potential preservation of foraminiferal tests allows for the recovery of fossil or subfossil assemblages bearing reliable and detailed environmental information, despite the possible taphonomic processes which might have modified the original ones [74]. Furthermore, in caves that are currently or in the past located close to the sea-level, foraminiferal assemblages record the long-term environmental changes linked to past climate and sealevel variations, tectonics, and extreme events, such as tsunamis and typhoons [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85].…”

Section: Reconstructing Paleoenvironments In the Present And Past Mar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic Foraminifera as Environmental Indicators in Mediterranean Marine Caves: A Review

Romano¹,

Bergamin²,

Parise³

2022

Geosciences

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Marine caves are characterized by wide environmental variability for the interaction between marine and continental processes. Their conditions may be defined as extreme for inhabiting organisms due to the enclosed morphology, lack of light, and scarcity of nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify reliable ecological indicators for describing and assessing environmental conditions in these habitats even more than elsewhere. This review aims to provide the state of art related to the application of benthic foraminifera as proxies in the (paleo)ecological characterization of different habitats of marine caves. Special attention was addressed to a research project focused on Mediterranean marine caves with different characteristics, such as extent, morphology, freshwater influence, salinity, sediment type, oxygenation, and organic matter supply. This review aims to illustrate the reliability of foraminifera as an ecological and paleoecological indicator in these habitats. They respond to various environmental conditions with different assemblages corresponding to a very detailed habitat partitioning. Because marine caves may be considered natural laboratories for environmental variability, the results of these studies may be interpreted in the perspective of the global variability to understand the environmental drivers of future changes in marine systems.

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“…Their distributions extend to several hundred meters inland from the beach and are spread over wide areas along the shoreline. In addition, the elevations of sand layer distributions are at least 7-11 m asl (Figure 8), which is significantly higher than those of modern storm deposits (Brill et al, 2016;Chiba & Nishimura, 2018;Ganzei et al, 2010;Nishimura & Miyaji, 1996;Shigeno & Nanayama, 2016;Soria et al, 2017Soria et al, , 2018Switzer et al, 2020). The elevations of the deposits are >5 m asl even when considering the relative sea levels of the past 4,000 years based on hydro-isostasy and crustal uplift (up to + 2.1 m at a mean higher high-water level: Koike & Machida, 2001;Okuno et al, 2014).…”

Section: Formation Of Anomalous Sand Layersmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Thus, storm deposit distributions are often scattered and lobe-shaped (Brill et al, 2016;Chiba & Nishimura, 2018;Nishimura & Miyaji, 1996). Storm deposits have also been reported in Hokkaido, and their distributions were reported up to 4-6 m asl and a few tens of meters from the shoreline (Chiba & Nishimura, 2018;Ganzei et al, 2010;Nishimura & Miyaji, 1996;Shigeno & Nanayama, 2016;Switzer et al, 2020). Additionally, tsunamis result in erosion and inland transportation of large sediment volumes in short intervals (Goto et al, 2014;Morton et al, 2007;Szczuciński et al, 2012).…”

Section: Formation Of Anomalous Sand Layersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan

Nakanishi

Ashi

Miyairi

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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With their complex cycles and rupture modes, infrequent megathrust earthquakes require a high‐resolution spatiotemporal record of tsunami inundations over thousands of years to provide more accurate long‐term forecasts. The geological record suggests that Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench occurred at intervals of several hundred years. However, uncertainties remain regarding the rupture zone, owing to the limited survey areas and chronological data. Therefore, we investigated the tsunami deposits in a coastal wetland of southeastern Hokkaido, Japan, to characterize the tsunamis that originated from the Kuril Trench over the last 4,000 years. On the Erimo coast, more than seven sand layers exhibited common features of tsunami deposits, such as sheet distributions of several hundred meters, normal grading structures, and sharp basal contacts. According to numerical tsunami simulations, the 17th‐century sand layer could be reproduced using a multiple rupture zone model (Mw ∼ 8.8). We used high‐resolution radiocarbon dating and tephras to correlate the tsunami deposits from the last 4,000 years with those reported from regions ∼100 km away. The tsunami history revealed here shows good agreement with the histories of adjacent regions. However, the paleotsunamis reported to have occurred in regions >200 km away include events that differ from those in this study, suggesting a diversity of Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench. We clarified the history and extents of earthquake‐generated tsunamis along the southwestern end of the Kuril Trench, which were previously unknown. Our results provide a framework for magnitude estimations and long‐term forecasts of earthquakes.

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A comparative study of the 2013 typhoon Haiyan overwash sediments from a coastal cave and beach system at Salcedo, Eastern Samar, central Philippines

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Coastal erosion and sediment reworking caused by hurricane Irma – implications for storm impact on low‐lying tropical islands

Coastal erosion and sediment reworking caused by hurricane Irma – implications for storm impact on low‐lying tropical islands

Benthic Foraminifera as Environmental Indicators in Mediterranean Marine Caves: A Review

Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan

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