A comparative study of the metabolic capacity of hearts from reptiles and mammals

The intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart

“…The heart mass relative to body mass of C. porosus was 3.05 g kg Ϫ1 body mass This is similar to the relative heart masses recorded for snakes (3.1 g kg Ϫ1 ; Poupa and Lindstrom, 1983) and the lizard Amphibolurus vitticeps (2.85 g kg Ϫ1 ; Else and Hulbert, 1983), but considerably greater than the heart mass of the tortoise Emydura signata (1.6 g kg Ϫ1 ; C. E. Franklin, unpublished observations). Among the fishes, the relative ventricle mass is greater in the more active species, such as yellowfin and skipjack tuna, than in sluggish fish, such as the sea raven (Farrell, 1991).…”

The intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart

“…The heart mass relative to body mass of C. porosus was 3.05 g kg Ϫ1 body mass This is similar to the relative heart masses recorded for snakes (3.1 g kg Ϫ1 ; Poupa and Lindstrom, 1983) and the lizard Amphibolurus vitticeps (2.85 g kg Ϫ1 ; Else and Hulbert, 1983), but considerably greater than the heart mass of the tortoise Emydura signata (1.6 g kg Ϫ1 ; C. E. Franklin, unpublished observations). Among the fishes, the relative ventricle mass is greater in the more active species, such as yellowfin and skipjack tuna, than in sluggish fish, such as the sea raven (Farrell, 1991).…”

Mitochondrial metabolism of cardiac and skeletal muscles from a fast (Katsuwonus pelamis) and a slow (Cyprinus carpio) fish

“…This avenue for increasing tissue aerobic capacity may also be limited in tuna red muscle. The value of 63 -70 m2/cm3 (Table 4) reported for luna red muscle S,(i,m) is greater than the range reported for skeletal muscles of antarctic fish (25-37 m2/cm3, Archer and Johnston 1991) and a wide variety of mammals (20-40 m2/cm3, Hoppeller and Lindstedt 1985), hummingbird flight muscle (58 m2/cm3, Suarez et al in press), and mammalian and reptilian hearts (38-66 m2/cm3, Else and Hulbert 1983). Srere (1985) calculated that a S,(im,m) of 83 m2/cm3 is the maximum degree of cristae packing that will still allow enough matrix space for two average-sized Krebs cycle enzymes, each in contact with an opposing membrane.…”

Genome size and metabolic intensity in tetrapods: a tale of two lines

“…The comparison between homeotherms and poikilotherms, as well as between birds and mammals, confirms that heart index may be applied as a uniform indicator of metabolic activity for animals belonging to different taxonomic groups (Poupa & Lindströ m 1983;Else & Hulbert 1985;Bishop 1999;Ostadal et al 1999). Moreover, it was demonstrated that relative heart mass is a better predictor for animal metabolic activity than other physiological features, such as body mass, pulse rate, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, metabolic enzyme activity and blood volume ( Jurgens et al 1981;Else & Hulbert 1983;Walsberg et al 1986;Meerlo et al 1997;Hammond et al 2001). Being a fundamental parameter of organismal design, the heart index shows what part of resources is allocated for oxidative metabolism (and general metabolite turnover at the organismal level) and thus allows the comparison of species in which metabolism proceeds at different temperatures.…”

The intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart

“…The heart mass relative to body mass of C. porosus was 3.05 g kg Ϫ1 body mass This is similar to the relative heart masses recorded for snakes (3.1 g kg Ϫ1 ; Poupa and Lindstrom, 1983) and the lizard Amphibolurus vitticeps (2.85 g kg Ϫ1 ; Else and Hulbert, 1983), but considerably greater than the heart mass of the tortoise Emydura signata (1.6 g kg Ϫ1 ; C. E. Franklin, unpublished observations). Among the fishes, the relative ventricle mass is greater in the more active species, such as yellowfin and skipjack tuna, than in sluggish fish, such as the sea raven (Farrell, 1991).…”

Mitochondrial metabolism of cardiac and skeletal muscles from a fast (Katsuwonus pelamis) and a slow (Cyprinus carpio) fish

“…This avenue for increasing tissue aerobic capacity may also be limited in tuna red muscle. The value of 63 -70 m2/cm3 (Table 4) reported for luna red muscle S,(i,m) is greater than the range reported for skeletal muscles of antarctic fish (25-37 m2/cm3, Archer and Johnston 1991) and a wide variety of mammals (20-40 m2/cm3, Hoppeller and Lindstedt 1985), hummingbird flight muscle (58 m2/cm3, Suarez et al in press), and mammalian and reptilian hearts (38-66 m2/cm3, Else and Hulbert 1983). Srere (1985) calculated that a S,(im,m) of 83 m2/cm3 is the maximum degree of cristae packing that will still allow enough matrix space for two average-sized Krebs cycle enzymes, each in contact with an opposing membrane.…”

Genome size and metabolic intensity in tetrapods: a tale of two lines

“…The comparison between homeotherms and poikilotherms, as well as between birds and mammals, confirms that heart index may be applied as a uniform indicator of metabolic activity for animals belonging to different taxonomic groups (Poupa & Lindströ m 1983;Else & Hulbert 1985;Bishop 1999;Ostadal et al 1999). Moreover, it was demonstrated that relative heart mass is a better predictor for animal metabolic activity than other physiological features, such as body mass, pulse rate, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, metabolic enzyme activity and blood volume ( Jurgens et al 1981;Else & Hulbert 1983;Walsberg et al 1986;Meerlo et al 1997;Hammond et al 2001). Being a fundamental parameter of organismal design, the heart index shows what part of resources is allocated for oxidative metabolism (and general metabolite turnover at the organismal level) and thus allows the comparison of species in which metabolism proceeds at different temperatures.…”

The intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart

“…The heart mass relative to body mass of C. porosus was 3.05 g kg Ϫ1 body mass This is similar to the relative heart masses recorded for snakes (3.1 g kg Ϫ1 ; Poupa and Lindstrom, 1983) and the lizard Amphibolurus vitticeps (2.85 g kg Ϫ1 ; Else and Hulbert, 1983), but considerably greater than the heart mass of the tortoise Emydura signata (1.6 g kg Ϫ1 ; C. E. Franklin, unpublished observations). Among the fishes, the relative ventricle mass is greater in the more active species, such as yellowfin and skipjack tuna, than in sluggish fish, such as the sea raven (Farrell, 1991).…”

Mitochondrial metabolism of cardiac and skeletal muscles from a fast (Katsuwonus pelamis) and a slow (Cyprinus carpio) fish

“…This avenue for increasing tissue aerobic capacity may also be limited in tuna red muscle. The value of 63 -70 m2/cm3 (Table 4) reported for luna red muscle S,(i,m) is greater than the range reported for skeletal muscles of antarctic fish (25-37 m2/cm3, Archer and Johnston 1991) and a wide variety of mammals (20-40 m2/cm3, Hoppeller and Lindstedt 1985), hummingbird flight muscle (58 m2/cm3, Suarez et al in press), and mammalian and reptilian hearts (38-66 m2/cm3, Else and Hulbert 1983). Srere (1985) calculated that a S,(im,m) of 83 m2/cm3 is the maximum degree of cristae packing that will still allow enough matrix space for two average-sized Krebs cycle enzymes, each in contact with an opposing membrane.…”

Genome size and metabolic intensity in tetrapods: a tale of two lines

“…The comparison between homeotherms and poikilotherms, as well as between birds and mammals, confirms that heart index may be applied as a uniform indicator of metabolic activity for animals belonging to different taxonomic groups (Poupa & Lindströ m 1983;Else & Hulbert 1985;Bishop 1999;Ostadal et al 1999). Moreover, it was demonstrated that relative heart mass is a better predictor for animal metabolic activity than other physiological features, such as body mass, pulse rate, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, metabolic enzyme activity and blood volume ( Jurgens et al 1981;Else & Hulbert 1983;Walsberg et al 1986;Meerlo et al 1997;Hammond et al 2001). Being a fundamental parameter of organismal design, the heart index shows what part of resources is allocated for oxidative metabolism (and general metabolite turnover at the organismal level) and thus allows the comparison of species in which metabolism proceeds at different temperatures.…”