A comparative study of different rare-earth (Gd, Nd, and Sm) metals doped ZnO thin films and its room temperature ammonia gas sensor activity: Synthesis, characterization, and investigation on the impact of dopant

Development of highly sensitive Al, Ga, and In-doped ZnO films by the drop casting method for NH3 gas sensing

“…In this work, we used the well-known following formulas 26–28 to compute the changes in average strain ( ε ) and crystallite size ( D ) of the ZnO sample before and after metal ion doping, and the results are shown in Table 1:where λ denotes the X-ray wavelength, β denotes the full-width at half maximum of the prominent peak, and θ denotes the Bragg angle.…”

“…In accordance with the standard JCPDS pattern (36-1451), the XRD peaks confirm the establishment of the hexagonal structure of ZnO in all the prepared samples. 26 The lattice planes (100), ( 002), ( 101), ( 110), ( 200), ( 102), ( 201), ( 202), ( 004), (103), and (005) were related to the observed ZnO phase. Furthermore, the clarity of the diffraction peaks with a small FWHM for all the samples indicates high crystalline quality.…”

Spray-Deposited Rare Earth Metal Ion (Sm3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, La3+)-Doped CdO Thin Films for Enhanced Formaldehyde Gas Sensing Characteristics

“…According to the findings of this investigation, all CdO thin films doped with RE ions are suitable for use as formaldehyde gas sensors. 8 , 16 At ambient temperature, the surface of metal oxide semiconductor (CdO thin films) thin films is generally populated with physisorbed and chemisorbed species such as O –2 , OH – , and H 2 O. At temperatures above 100 °C, the ions O – and O 2– predominate.…”

“…The semiconducting metal oxides (SMOs), including ZnO, − SnO 2 , − In 2 O 3 , − and CdO, − offer excellent gas sensing characteristics because of their high chemical and thermal stability, surface morphology, and large surface-to-volume ratio. In recent years, several attempts have been made to enhance the sensitivity of SMO gas sensors, including modifying the morphology, adding different dopants, and developing semiconductor junctions.…”

Phase Equilibria in the CsBr–TbBr3–H2O and CsBr–TbBr3–HBr (∼13.0 wt %)–H2O Systems at 298.1 K and the Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation for Cs3TbBr6·10H2O

“…Several compounds, containing rare earth elements, have attracted considerable attention because of their vital roles in optical imaging, sensor technology, magnetic materials, biomedicine, and so on. − Technological applications of the compounds containing rare earth elements require knowledge of their basic thermodynamic properties. Therefore, the thermodynamic properties of these compounds have been extensively investigated by researchers. − …”