A comparative study of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and nanodiamond

Zhang, Xiao‐Yong; Hu, Wenbing; Li, Jing; Tao, Lei; Wei, Yen

doi:10.1039/c2tx20006f

Cited by 441 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Consistent with the literature, ND has very low toxicity ( Figure 5C); no growth inhibition was observed at below 20 g/mL ND. [43][44][45] Higher toxicity was observed with the two sp 2 carbons. When DOX was loaded, similar cancer cell killing efficacy was observed for the DOPC/ND vehicle compared to the free DOX.…”

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confidence: 90%

Nanodiamond decorated liposomes as highly biocompatible delivery vehicles and a comparison with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide

Wang

Liu

2013

Nanoscale

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ABSTRACT:Studying interactions between nano-carbons and lipid membranes is important for multiplexed drug delivery, device fabrication and for understanding toxicity. Herein, we report that nanodiamond (ND, sp 3 carbon) forms a complex with highly biocompatible zwitterionic liposomes based on hydrogen bonding, which is confirmed by pH-dependent and urea-dependent assays. Despite such weak interaction, the complex is highly stable. Comparisons were made with two sp 2 carbons:nanoscale graphene oxide (NGO) and carbon nanotube (CNT), where CNT adsorption is the weakest.Adsorption of the nano-carbons does not induce liposome leakage or affect lipid phase transition temperature. Therefore, the potential toxicity of nano-carbons is unlikely to be related to direct membrane damage. ND facilitates cellular uptake of liposomes and co-delivery of negatively charged calcein and positively charged doxorubicin has been demonstrated. ND has the lowest toxicity, while CNT and NGO are slightly more toxic. The effect of introducing fusogenic lipids and cholesterol was further studied to understand the effect of lipid formulation.2

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confidence: 90%

Nanodiamond decorated liposomes as highly biocompatible delivery vehicles and a comparison with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide

Wang

Liu

2013

Nanoscale

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“…19) We tested the effect of Tau on LDH expression. As shown in Figure 2A, a significant increase in LDH levels was observed following exposure to H2O2.…”

Section: Effects Of Tau On the Expressions Of Ldh Sod And Mda In Mymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine Protects Primary Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Against Apoptosis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

Int. Heart J.

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of taurine (Tau) on primary cultured neonatal myocardial cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the underlying mechanism. Primary cardiac myocytes from neonatal Wistar rats were pre-incubated with Tau, and its effects on cell viability and expression of CaM, CaM-KII, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax were examined. Tau enhanced the viability of myocardial cells, decreased apoptosis, and alleviated the intracellular calcium overload, especially at dosages of 40 or 80 mM (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, Tau could inhibit the H2O2-induced decrease in CamKII and CaM expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The pattern of CaMKII expression was consistent with that of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but contrasted the pattern of the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and Bax. Thus, our results show that Tau protects myocardial cells against damage caused by H2O2 exposure, suggesting that it might play a role in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by upregulating the expression of CaMKII to rescue myocardial cells. However, the underlying mechanism still needs to be investigated. In addition, we tested the protective effect of taurine on cardiac myocytes, and the effect of taurine on another model, specifically an animal model. (Int Heart J 2018; 59: 190-196)

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“…It was demonstrated on pheochromocytoma cells and HeLa cells that graphene is less toxic in comparison with nanotubes. 5 Moreover, graphene is significantly less taken up by cells than nanodiamond. 5 This may suggest that graphene could be…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Moreover, graphene is significantly less taken up by cells than nanodiamond. 5 This may suggest that graphene could be…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Furthermore, increasing doses of GO decreased HeLa cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but the release of lactose dehydrogenase was constant for concentrations of 40 μg/mL, 60 μg/mL, and 80 μg/mL. 5 Moreover, in experiments with human red blood cells it was indicated that increased graphene concentration was a reason for agglomeration, leading to decreased hemolytic properties. 26 Egg albumin contains a wide spectrum of different nutritional compounds, mainly proteins, which are supposed to noncovalently attach to the surface of graphene in a selfassembling process.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of pristine graphene in experiments in a chicken embryo model

Sawosz¹,

Jaworski²,

Kutwin³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Evaluation of the potential cytotoxicity of graphene is a key factor for medical applications, where flakes or a surface of graphene may be used as bioactive molecules, drug carriers, or biosensors. In the present work, effects of pristine graphene (pG) on the development of a living organism, with an emphasis on morphological and molecular states of the brain, were investigated using a chicken embryo model. Fertilized chicken eggs were divided into the control group and groups administered with pG suspended in milli-Q water at concentrations of 50 μg/L, 100 μg/L, 500 μg/L, 1,000 μg/L, 5,000 μg/L, and 10,000 μg/L (n=30 per group). The experimental solutions were injected in ovo into the albumin and then the eggs were incubated. After 19 days of incubation, the survival, weight of the body and organs, and blood serum biochemical indices were measured. The brain samples were collected for microscopic examination of brain ultrastructure and measurements of gene and protein expression. Survival of embryos was significantly decreased after treatment with pG, but the body and organ weights as well as biochemical indices were not affected. In all treatment groups, some atypical ultrastructures of the brain were observed, but they were not enhanced by the increasing concentrations of pG. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen at the messenger ribonucleic acid level was downregulated, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei was significantly reduced in the 500–10,000 μg/L groups compared with the control group, indicating a decreased rate of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the brain. The present results demonstrate some harmful effects of the applied pG flakes on the developing organism, including brain tissue, which ought to be considered prior to any medical applications.

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A comparative study of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and nanodiamond

Cited by 441 publications

References 71 publications

Nanodiamond decorated liposomes as highly biocompatible delivery vehicles and a comparison with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide

Nanodiamond decorated liposomes as highly biocompatible delivery vehicles and a comparison with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide

Taurine Protects Primary Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Against Apoptosis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

Toxicity of pristine graphene in experiments in a chicken embryo model

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