A Comparative Study of Aerobic Capacity and Fitness in Three Different Horse Breeds (Andalusian, Arabian and Anglo‐Arabian)

Castejón, Francisco; Rubio, Dolores Mesa; Tovar, P.; Vinuesa, Mabel Labal de; Riber, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1994.tb00132.x

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The research presented here was designed in order to elucidate firstly, whether the reduced aerobic capacity in the AN breed, reported in many papers before (Castejón et al 1994;Muñoz et al 1998Muñoz et al , 1999, was due to a limitation in the ventilatory adaptation to exercise, may be in association with the locomotor pattern, and secondly, whether the differences between AN and A breed, are related to the genetic background. In fact, A horses have been traditionally selected for endurance events and they are expected to have a high aerobic capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…They found that performance level and aerobic capacity are lower in AN horses, and as a consequence, lower VLA4 (velocity at which blood lactate reaches concentrations of 4 mmol/l) is a common finding (Castejón et al 1994;Muñoz et al 1998Muñoz et al , 1999. Additionally, higher packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations were found after an exercise test, because of the combined effects of a greater sweat rate and a greater spleen contraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the last decades, many studies comparing different aspects of exercise physiology of the Andalusian (AN) horse with other equine breeds have been published (Castejón et al 1994;Rivero et al 1995;Muñoz et al 1998Muñoz et al , 1999. They found that performance level and aerobic capacity are lower in AN horses, and as a consequence, lower VLA4 (velocity at which blood lactate reaches concentrations of 4 mmol/l) is a common finding (Castejón et al 1994;Muñoz et al 1998Muñoz et al , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

et al. 2011

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Significant differences exist in the respiratory adaptation to exercise in different equine breeds. This research describes the ergoespirometric response to exercise of Andalusian (AN) and Arabian (A) horses, both selected according to morphological criteria. Thirteen untrained male horses (6 AN and 7 A) performed a treadmill exercise test (TET) with a slope of 6%, with workloads starting from 5 m/s and increasing 1 m/s every 3 min until the horses were not able to keep the required velocity. Tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate, minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), exercise time to fatigue (ETF) and respiratory aerobic threshold (RAT) were determined. AN horses presented higher TV and VE, whereas respiratory rate, VO2 and VCO2 were lower at the same velocities. RER was similar between breeds. ETF was longer in A horses (556.7 ± 66.5 in AN vs. 607.1 ± 71.1 s in A) and no significant differences were found in RAT (5.50 ± 0.50 in AN vs. 5.86 ± 1.07 m/s in A). In summary, despite the more intense ventilatory response to exercise at the same velocity, AN horses had lower VO2. The AN horse develops a more intense ventilatory response to fixed velocities than the A horse and it could be interesting to clarify the role of the locomotion characteristics in this response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

et al. 2011

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“…However, the previous results were presented for Standardbred racehorses, and the age at which an Andalusian horse can be considered physiologically matured is unknown. Although some interbreed comparative studies between foals and adults Andalusian, Anglo-Arabian and Arabian horses have been made (Castejón et al 1994;Rubio et al 1995), no research exists regarding foals and adult Andalusian horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

Muñoz¹,

Santisteban²,

Rubio³

et al. 1999

Acta Vet. Brno

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The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between the slope of the plasma lactate accumulation in response to exercise and working capacity in two groups of Andalusian horses of different age.The horses were subjected to increasing intensity tests, comprising both submaximal and maximal velocities. Heart rate was monitored throughout the exercise and jugular venous blood samples were withdrawn at rest, after each workload and during the first 30 min. of recuperation. Working capacity was assessed by means of these functional indices: HRmax (maximum mean heart rate during exercise), Vmax (maximum velocity), STEPmax (maximum number of workload completed), VLA2 (aerobic threshold), VLA4 (anaerobic threshold), PLA (lactate peak), pHmin (minimum pH) and PCVmax (maximum packed cell volume).HRmax, pHmin, VLA2, VLA4, STEPmax and Vmax were positively correlated with working capacity, whereas PLA and PCVmax were negatively correlated with working capacity. The slope of the plasma lactate accumulation curve were inversely related to VLA2, VLA4, Vmax, STEPmax and pHmin and positively related to HRmax and PCVmax. Besides, the plasma lactate slope was higher in the youngest Andalusian horses.These results indicated that the slope of the plasma lactate concentrations after several exercise intensities might be considered as a marker of aerobic potential, providing useful information about fitness and training degrees in the Andalusian horse. Exercise, fitness, heart rate, packed cell volumePhysical exercise requires a balance between production and consumption of energy within working muscles. It has been postulated that there is a critical intensity or threshold above which the cardiovascular, respiratory and/or muscular responses are of insufficient magnitude to supply energy through aerobic pathways. As a consequence, anaerobic pathways become predominant, and large amounts of lactate (LA) are produced. LA is considered to be a small and easily diffusable anion, and it may be translocated rapidly between the water compartments of the body. Muscle LA produced during exercise can be utilised by the active muscles, exported via the blood to other organs, principally liver and heart, or taken up by other muscles with adequate oxygen supply and utilised as a source of fuel (Brooks 1986;Marlin et al. 1987).Three different models of plasma LA accumulation have been proposed. The single breakaway point is the classical model of aerobic-anaerobic transition. M a r g a r i a et al. (1933) established that lactic acid was formed and plasma LA accumulated during times of local muscle hypoxia, such as the onset of exercise and during times of oxygen deficit.

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“…Other suitable indices of fitness have included the velocity (V) and heart rate (HR) at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l -1 i.e. VLa 4 and HR 4 , respectively (Rose et al 1990;Harkins et al 1993;Poso et al 1993;Castejon et al 1994;Misumi et al 1994;Gotlieb-Vedi et al 1995;Persson 1997;Munoz et al 1997;Eaton et al 1999 and others).…”

Section: Horse Exercise Oxygen Uptake Oxygen Debt Energy Consumptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Study of Oxygen Consumption and Estimated Energy Expenditure in the Exercising Horse

Hanák¹,

Jahn²,

Kabeš³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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The major goal of this study was to estimate the aerobic and anaerobic contribution to energy expenditure in the running warmblood horse under field conditions. The oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) in 12 saddle horses was determined at rest, walk, trot, and canter and in 6 horses at gallop. In the 10 min immediately following exercise the relative oxygen debt (RD-VO 2 ) was measured. The horses were exercised by riders in the various gaits at speeds representing 15, 30, 50 and 70% of the their individual maximum speed (V max ). The distances covered were 3000 m in each walk, trot and canter and 1500 m in gallop. VO 2 and RD-VO 2 m and energy expenditure (J.kg.min -1 ) using the oxygen caloric equivalent of the measured respiratory quotient (RQ) were studied for possible relations to the speed. The proportion of anaerobic energy expenditure (%E anaer.) to the total energy production was also investigated. A linear relation between speed and aerobic energy expenditure (E) and a quadratic relation between speed and anaerobic energy expenditure (RD-E) and total energy expenditure (TE) was found. The %E anaer. was 1.21 ± 0.40 at a speed of 15% V max , 3.40 ± 0.38 at 30% V max , 18.58 ± 2.05 at 50% V max , and 29.47 ± 1.17 at 70% V max .Post-exercise oxygen uptake appears a suitable measure for the major part of the oxygen debt (relative oxygen debt) and could be considered as an indicator of anaerobically released energy. For this reason it may also be an indicator of the anaerobic capacity of the horse at a standard or maximal exercise. Horse, exercise, oxygen uptake, oxygen debt, energy consumption, anaerobic energyIn recent years, a considerable amount of research has been performed in an attempt to describe the physiological response of the horse to exercise and training. Mostly the changes in cardiorespiratory functions during different intensities of exercise have been studied extensively and reported for various breeds of horses. It has been suggested that heart rate and oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), measured at sub-maximal exercise, are useful in assessing cardiovascular fitness in the horse. Calculated parameters such as the speed at a heart rate of 200 beats.min -1 (V-200) and oxygen consumption at a heart rate of 200 beats.min -1 (VO 2 -200) are considered as highly useful (Persson 1983;Persson et al. 1983;Rose et al. 1990). Other suitable indices of fitness have included the velocity (V) and heart rate (HR) at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l -1 i.e.

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A Comparative Study of Aerobic Capacity and Fitness in Three Different Horse Breeds (Andalusian, Arabian and Anglo‐Arabian)

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

A Field Study of Oxygen Consumption and Estimated Energy Expenditure in the Exercising Horse

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