A comparative guide to controlled hydrophobization of cellulose nanocrystals via surface esterification

Peng, Shane X.; Chang, Huibin; Kumar, Satish; Moon, Robert J.; Youngblood, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.1007/s10570-016-0912-3

Cited by 73 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The resulting cellulose ester has a low DS of 0.67 due to the low activation efficiency. Among others, N,N 0 -carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) is the most frequently used non-toxic activating agent for the in situ activation esterification of cellulose (Boufi et al 2008;Heinze and Liebert 2001;Heinze et al 2006;Liebert and Heinze 2005;Peng et al 2016). In this case, the acylating agent is N-acylimidazol that readily reacts with cellulose for the synthesis of cellulsoe ester and regeneration of to imidazole (Heinze et al 2018).…”

Section: Fundamental Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though this route improved significantly the compatibility of CNCs with non-polar substances for use in nanocomposites, the authors did not evaluate the effect of such extensive esterification and damage of crystalline structure on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resulting nanocrystals. Peng et al (2016) demonstrated a comparative study of various surface esterification methods of CNCs via acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, acid catalyzed carboxylic acids and in situ activated carboxylic acids to introduce acetyl-, hexanoyl-, dodecanoyl-, oleoyl-, and methacryloyl-functions. Acid anhydrides exhibited better grafting efficiency than other reagents as low molecular weight moieties with short aliphatic chains.…”

Section: Post Esterification Of Nanocellulosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

et al. 2018

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As the most abundant biopolymer in nature, cellulose has become a fascinating building block for the design of functional nanomaterials. Owing to the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups, cellulose provides a unique platform for the preparation of new materials via versatile chemical modifications. This critical review aims to present the advances about nanomaterials based on cellulose derivatives with the focus on cellulose esters within the last two decades, including the chemistry and application of these nanostructured materials. This review starts with the introduction on first fundamental aspects about diverse esterification techniques used up to now to modify cellulose. The in situ esterification for the isolation of nanocelluloses and diverse post esterification methods of nanocelluloses for the surface functionalization were highlighted in the following description. Various esterification strategies and further nanostructure constructions have been developed aiming to confer specific properties to cellulose esters, extending therefore their feasibility for highly sophisticated applications, which were summarized with respect to the categories of the introduced ester moieties. Thus, this review assembles and emphasizes the state-of-art knowledge of functional nanomaterials derived from diverse esterified cellulose compounds.

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Section: Fundamental Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post Esterification Of Nanocellulosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

et al. 2018

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“…Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO, anhydrous 99.9%), 1'1-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, reagent grade), Dodecanoic acid (98%), Hexanoic acid (99.5%), Acetic Anhydride (98%), Pyridine CNCs were modified to graft acetyl, hexanoyl, and dodecanoyl side chain following a previous publication, [48] which can be referred to for detailed descriptions of the reaction procedures. The reaction schemes are illustrated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All grafted CNCs were purified using a consecutive dispersion-centrifuge steps. [48] Water was used to purify CNC_a, while methanol and ethanol was used to purify CNC_h and CNC_d, respectively. After purification, all grafted CNCs were freeze-dried using a lyophilizer at -80 o C(Labconco FreeZone Plus 4.5L).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dispersion and properties of a two-component epoxy nanocomposite using surface modified cellulose nanocrystals

Peng

Shrestha

Yoo

et al. 2017

Polymer

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Epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with acetyl, hexanoyl, and dodecanoyl surface modified Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) were fabricated. Surface modified CNCs were dispersed in epoxy resin with a co-solvent. After complete removal of the co-solvent, a typical two component epoxy system was achieved where hardener was then added to cure the resin. Acetyl grafted CNC (CNC_a) and hexanoyl grafted CNC (CNC_h) both had good dispersion in cured epoxy as observed visually and through electron microscopy. Tensile modulus, tensile strength, and work of fracture of epoxy were improved with the addition of CNC_a and CNC_h. CNC_a reinforced epoxy had the highest increases in mechanical properties. Dodecanoyl grafted CNC (CNC_d) led to aggregation in the epoxy which led to insignificant changes in mechanical properties. The addition of CNC_a increased glass transition temperature (T g) of epoxy while CNC_h and CNC_d led to T g depression.

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“…Esterification and silylation are often performed as hydrophobization process for CNs to improve water repellency and oil affinity. Peng et al [52] presented an exhaustive study comparing CNC esterification methods attempting to control the hydrophobicity with the same source material. Acid anhydride had the best grafting efficiency for low molecular weight moieties with short aliphatic chains.…”

Section: Surface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of cellulose nanomaterials in pharmaceutical science and pharmacology

Cao¹

2018

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) have been successfully applied to a variety of scientific areas in recent years with remarkable engineering utilities. As sustainable materials of huge abundance, CNs show significant potentials in fine-tune the microstructures and kinetics from the nano-level. This paper reviews recent key advancements of the use of CNs in the fields of pharmaceutical science and pharmacology. A broad overview of the development of CNs is provided, and the current methods to obtain the materials are discussed. The different types of processing techniques are reviewed, that are critical to the applications in pharmaceutical science and pharmacology. The key breakthroughs of applications in major fields are discussed, including oral administration, topical administration, tissue scaffolds, and antibacterial applications.

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A comparative guide to controlled hydrophobization of cellulose nanocrystals via surface esterification

Cited by 73 publications

References 72 publications

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

Enhanced dispersion and properties of a two-component epoxy nanocomposite using surface modified cellulose nanocrystals

Applications of cellulose nanomaterials in pharmaceutical science and pharmacology

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