A comparative anatomical study in cassava diploid and tetraploid hybrids

Graciano‐Ribeiro, Dalva; Nassar, Nagib M. A.

doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0672-y

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Stomata size (length and width) and stomatal density, measured in leaf of diploid and tetraploid plantlets of Cassava The gigas effect is not frequently observed during in vitro culture of most species, mainly because the short period of in vitro culture is not long enough to develop such differences in plants. Some authors have reported a high correlation between increased ploidy of cells of auto and allopolyploid plants with morpho-anatomical changes, including an increase in the size of organs (leaves and flowers), changes in cambium cells, and increased viability of germ cells, among others (Hahn et al 1990, Awoleye et al 1994, Nassar et al 2008, Graciano-Ribeiro and Nassar 2012. In this study, such changes were also observed in tetraploid plants, mainly larger stomatal size and lower stomatal density in leaves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…This species has a perennial shrub habit, and is one of the most important root and tuber crops in tropical regions, mainly being produced in developing countries. Despite its high genetic variability in germplasm resources, polyploidy induction is an important tool for cassava breeding due to its capacity to improve anatomical traits (Nassar et al 2008, Graciano-Ribeiro andNassar 2012). Moreover, a proteomic study concluded that there was remarkable variation in photosynthetic activity, HCN content and resistance to salt stress in polyploid plants (An et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro induction and regeneration of tetraploids and mixoploids of two cassava cultivars

Mondin

Silva

Latado

et al. 2018

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

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We report the in vitro induction of polyploids from two cassava cultivars by colchicine treatment. Shoot nodal segments, collected from in vitro cultivated plants of Porquinho and Vassourinha cultivars, were used as explants. Explants were treated in liquid media without and with colchicine (0.05, 0.10 or 0.15%), at 90 rpm, in the dark, for 48 or 96 h. Normal-like and putative-polyploid phenotypes were recovered from in vitro culture, for both cultivars. All plants from the putative-polyploid group were confirmed as tetraploids by flow cytometry and root tip chromosome counting, whereas no association was found between ploidy level and phenotype in normal-like plants. Mixoploids were also recovered from both cultivars. Vassourinha was more responsive to colchicine treatment than Porquinho. Tetraploid plants have fewer, but bigger, stomata guard cells than those in diploids. Colchicine at 0.10% for 96 hours induced a high number of tetraploids in both cultivars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro induction and regeneration of tetraploids and mixoploids of two cassava cultivars

Mondin

Silva

Latado

et al. 2018

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

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“…As a consequence, plants growing in high-altitude regions have developed various mechanisms to enhance their drought tolerance ( Ma et al, 2010 , 2014 ; Yang and Miao, 2010 ). Polyploids usually have larger xylem conduits than diploids due to chromosome doubling effects ( Graciano-Ribeiro and Nassar, 2012 ; Hao et al, 2013 ); these conduits confer high levels of water transport efficiency ( Maherali et al, 2009 ) but may be vulnerable to cavitation under drought stress due to the inverse relationship between hydraulic conductance and protection against embolism ( Piñol and Sala, 2000 ; Martínez et al, 2002 ). On the contrary, narrow xylem conduits tend to have fewer and smaller pit membrane pores to reduce the occurrence of air seeding under high xylem tension ( Wheeler et al, 2005 ), thus they might offer a selective advantage for diploids at high altitudes by minimizing the risk cost associated with xylem embolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in Eco-Physiological Responses to Drought Mirrors the Distinct Distribution of Chamerion angustifolium Cytotypes in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains Region

et al. 2016

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Polyploid species generally occupy harsher habitats (characterized by cold, drought and/or high altitude) than diploids, but the converse was observed for Chamerion angustifolium, in which diploid plants generally inhabit higher altitudes than their polyploid derivatives. Plants at high altitudes may experience cold-induced water stress, and we therefore examined the physiological responses of diploid and hexaploid C. angustifolium to water stress to better understand the ecological differentiation of plants with different ploidy levels. We conducted a common garden experiment by subjecting seedlings of different ploidy levels to low, moderate, and severe water stress. Fourteen indicators of physiological fitness were measured, and the anatomical characteristics of the leaves of each cytotype were determined. Both cytotypes were influenced by drought, and diploids exhibited higher fitness in terms of constant root:shoot ratio (R:S ratio) and maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), less reduced maximal photosynthetic rate (Amax), transpiration rate (E), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (gs), and higher long-term water use efficiency (WUEL) under severe water stress than did hexaploids. Analysis of leaf anatomy revealed morphological adjustments for tolerating water deficiency in diploids, in the form of closely packed mesophyll cells and small conduits in the midvein. Our results indicate that diploid C. angustifolium is more tolerant of drought than hexaploid plants, ensuring the successful survival of the diploid at high altitudes. This eco-physiological divergence may facilitate the species with different cytotypes to colonize new and large geographic ranges with heterogeneous environmental conditions.

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Comparison of leaf transcriptomes of cassava “Xinxuan 048” diploid and autotetraploid plants

Yin

Zhou

et al. 2018

Genes Genom

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Polyploidy breeding of cassava has been used to improve cassava traits over the past years. We previously reported in vitro induction of tetraploids in the cassava variety "Xinxuan 048" using colchicine. Significant differences in morphology and anatomy were found between the diploid and tetraploid plants. However, very little is known about the transcriptome difference between them. In this study, morphological and physiological characteristics including leaf thickness, plant height, internode length, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity were measured. Further, we investigated and validated the difference in gene expression patterns between cassava "Xinxuan 048" tetraploid genotype and its diploid plants using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Significant differences in morphology and physiology were observed during tetraploidization. A comparison revealed that tetraploidy induced very limited changes in the leaf transcriptomes of cassava "Xinxuan 048" diploid and autotetraploid plants. However, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 2× and 4× plants, especially those upregulated in 4× plants, were strongly associated with hormonal and stress responses. Large changes in morphology and physiology between the diploid cassava "Xinxuan 048" and its autotetraploid were not associated with large changes in their leaf transcriptomes. Moreover, the differently expressed genes related to the regulation of gibberellin and brassinosteroids potentially explained why the plant height and internode length of 4× plants became shorter. Collectively, our results suggest that 4× cassava is potentially valuable for breeding strains with improved stress resistance.

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A comparative anatomical study in cassava diploid and tetraploid hybrids

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

In vitro induction and regeneration of tetraploids and mixoploids of two cassava cultivars

In vitro induction and regeneration of tetraploids and mixoploids of two cassava cultivars

Divergence in Eco-Physiological Responses to Drought Mirrors the Distinct Distribution of Chamerion angustifolium Cytotypes in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains Region

Comparison of leaf transcriptomes of cassava “Xinxuan 048” diploid and autotetraploid plants

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