A common soil handling technique can generate incorrect estimates of soil biota effects on plants

Reinhart, Kurt O.; Rinella, Matthew J.

doi:10.1111/nph.13822

Cited by 111 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…An invasive plant may escape enemies upon establishment in a new area, as predicted by the enemy release hypothesis, but overtime accumulate pathogens and herbivores (van der Putten et al 2007, Lau and Suwa ). In this way, time since invasion becomes a key determinant of the type of plant‐soil dynamics that develop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil bacteria were characterized using high throughput DNA extractions, amplification of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene (forward primer 515F: GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA; reverse primer 806R: GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT) followed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing (Supplementary material Appendix 1 Supplementary methods). We used the R package ‘DADA2’ (Callahan et al ) to process our sequencing reads and infer unique taxa as Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). We assigned taxonomy to individual ASVs and built a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to use evolutionarily informed measures of bacterial community composition (see Supplementary material Appendix 1 for a detailed description of molecular and computational methods).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological invasions can provide a useful window into understanding variation in soil communities at multiple spatial scales. Interactions with soil biota can have important consequences for the success of invasive plants (Klironomos , Reinhart and Callaway , Rout et al 2013, Rodrigues et al , Lau and Suwa ). Exotic species may facilitate their own establishment by reducing the presence of microbes that are beneficial to co‐occurring natives (Stinson et al ), by accumulating pathogens in the soil that are harmful to natives (Eppinga et al , Mangla and Callaway 2008), or by escaping microbial pathogens and herbivores through range expansion (Engelkes et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil biota composition and the performance of a noxious weed across its invaded range

2019

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The success of invasive plant species is driven, in part, by feedback with soil ecosystems. Yet, how variation in belowground communities across latitudinal gradients affects invader distributions remains poorly understood. To determine the effect of soil communities on the performance of the noxious weed Cirsium arvense across its invaded range, we grew seedlings for 40 days in soils collected across a 699 km linear distance from both inside and outside established populations. We also described the mesofaunal and bacterial communities across all soil samples. We found that C. arvense typically performed better when grown in soils sourced from northern populations than from southern locations where it has a longer invasion history. We also found evidence that C. arvense performed best in soils sourced from outside invaded patches, although this was not consistent across all sites. The bacterial community showed a significant increase in the magnitude of compositional change in invaded sites at higher latitudes, while the mesofaunal community showed the opposite pattern. Bacterial community composition was significantly correlated with C. arvense performance, although mesofaunal community composition was not. Our results demonstrate that the interactions between an invasive plant and associated soil communities change across the invaded range, and the bacterial community in particular may affect variation in plant performance. Observed patterns may be caused by C.arvense presence and time since invasion allowing for an accumulation of species‐specific pathogens in southern soils, while the naïveté of northern soils to invasion results in a more responsive bacterial community. Although these interactions are difficult to predict, such effects could possibly facilitate the establishment of this exotic species to novel locations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil biota composition and the performance of a noxious weed across its invaded range

2019

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“…Plants were collected at least 10 m from one another. After collection, plants were transplanted into pots containing a mixture of equal amounts of untreated potting soil and field soil from the root zone, keeping each species and replicate separate to accurately assess the variance across soil collections (Reinhart and Rinella 2016, Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant performance was greater in the soils of more distantly related plants for an herbaceous understory species

Sweet

Burns

2017

AoB PLANTS

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We performed a glasshouse experiment to test whether degree of phylogenetic relatedness between Aquilegia canadensis and six co-occurring heterospecifics affects A. canadensis biomass through soil legacy effects. We found that A. canadensis performed significantly better in distant relatives' soils than in close relatives' soils, and this effect disappeared with soil sterilization. The greater performance of A. canadensis in soils of more versus less distant relatives is consistent with a hypothesis of phylogenetically-constrained pathogen escape, a phenomenon expected to promote coexistence of phylogenetically distant species.

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“…The methods used for soil sampling, transfer and processing followed Reinhart and Rinella (2016) and Hart et al (1994). Soil samples were collected by plot, and were not mixed for the same treatment.…”

Section: N Tracing Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium fertilization causes a decoupling of ammonium cycling in a boreal forest

Gao

Kou

Zhang

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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N tracing model AOA Boreal coniferous forest a b s t r a c tThe forest-floor organic layer of the boreal coniferous forest is generally characterized by large mineral-N pools (especially ammonium), high rates of gross N mineralization, and low rates of autotrophic nitrification and nitrate immobilization. As atmospheric N deposition increases in boreal regions, it is expected to increase N losses from the forest-floor organic layer, which could affect the N status and microbial N cycling of the underlying mineral soil. To test this possibility, we conducted a long-term experiment, starting in 2010, consisting of three N addition levels (0, 20, and 40 kg NH 4 CleN ha À1 yr À1) in a boreal Larix gmelinii forest in the Great Xing'an Mountain, China. We measured mineral N concentrations (2012e2014), the in-situ net N-cycling rates (2012 and 2013), the gross N transformation rates (2014), and microbial abundance (2014) in mineral soil (0e10 cm) in the peak growing season. The gross rates of N transformations were quantified via a laboratory, 15N tracing experiment with a processbased 15 N tracing model. NO 3 À concentration, in-situ net nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, gross nitrification, NO 3 À immobilization, and dissimilatory NO 3 À reduction to NH 4 þ (DNRA) neither increased nor decreased, suggesting that NO 3 À loss, production and retention were not affected by continual NH 4 þ additions. However, the NH 4 þ concentration and in-situ net ammonification rates increased under continued high NH 4 þ additions, reflecting a change in soil NH 4 þ status. As a result, microbial NH 4 þ cycling was in uncoupled state in the high N addition plots (NH 4 þ immobilization rates were incomparable to gross N mineralization rates), but this was not the case for the control and low N addition plots. Interestingly, the NH 4 þ oxidation rates decreased rather than increased with decreased NH 4 þ immobilization rates in the high N addition plots. However, the decreased NH 4 þ oxidation rates were paralleled by a reduction in ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) abundance. Our results indicate that for this boreal coniferous forest, enhanced NH 4 þ deposition could alter mineral soil NH 4 þ status and NH 4 þ consumption. We show that NH 4 þ fertilization could inhibit NH 4 þ oxidation in forest soils.

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A common soil handling technique can generate incorrect estimates of soil biota effects on plants

Cited by 111 publications

References 21 publications

Soil biota composition and the performance of a noxious weed across its invaded range

Soil biota composition and the performance of a noxious weed across its invaded range

Plant performance was greater in the soils of more distantly related plants for an herbaceous understory species

Ammonium fertilization causes a decoupling of ammonium cycling in a boreal forest

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