A Combined Trauma Model of Chest and Abdominal Trauma With Hemorrhagic Shock—Description of a New Porcine Model

Abstract

Despite the high incidence and prognostic relevance of hemorrhagic shock and abdominal and blunt chest trauma in multiply injured patients, there are no animal models combining these injuries. Therefore, we established a new porcine multiple trauma model consisting of blunt chest trauma, penetrating abdominal trauma (two incisions in the right upper liver lobe using a four-edged scalpel and subsequent liver packing), and pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock with a mean arterial pressure of 30 ± 5 mmHg (a maximum of 45% of the total blood volume). The combined traumatic insult led to severe signs of hemorrhagic shock and impaired pulmonary function. In conclusion, a consistent, reproducible, and clinically relevant porcine model of multisystem injury with controlled (pressure-controlled blood withdrawal) and uncontrolled components of hemorrhage (liver laceration) with the potential for rebleeding was established.

Induced Hypothermia Preserves the Functional Enterocyte Mass in A Porcine Multiple Trauma Model

“…Prior to initiation of the project, the Animal Welfare Committee in Vienna (Austria) approved the protocol (protocol number 5365/2010/13). The experimental protocol and other organ-specific analyses have been previously published in more detail (19,23,24). In line with the ethical 3Rs principle, we…”

“…In this experimental study, an established, clinically relevant model of combined trauma was used to analyse the effects of induced hypothermia on posttraumatic gut damage (23).…”

Induced hypothermia reduces the hepatic inflammatory response in a swine multiple trauma model

“…12,13 In the following autopsy, liver and kidney tissue samples were removed for further analysis. After resuscitation, the animals were kept normothermic during the entire study period, or mild hypothermia (34-C body core temperature) was induced via a central venous Icy catheter using the CoolGard3000 (Zoll Circulation, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA).…”

Combat Casualty Care research programme

“…This requires the development of representative models where other variables can be controlled. Details on blast injury models used by Dstl1 and by other researchers2 are widely available.…”