“…Different strategies, such as TWA and VS, have been developed to improve the operational efficiency of logistics networks ( Cattaruzza et al, 2014 , Spliet and Gabor, 2015 , Subramanyam et al, 2018 , Zhen et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021c; Marques et al, 2022 ). In addition, disasters have occurred frequently in recent years, so studies have focused on improving the response speed and reducing the losses in emergency logistics networks (Mohammadi et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021 , Wolfinger et al, 2021 , Gentili et al, 2022 ). Several studies related to 2E-EVRPTWA in MDVRPTW, 2E-VRPTW, TWA, VS, and EVRP are reviewed.…”