A Cohort Study of the Relationship of Diabetic Retinopathy to Blood Pressure

Maculopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: associations with risk factors

“…Even though we have not studied haemodynamic changes of the retina circulation in our patients, the present findings are consistent with data in the literature, providing evidence that increased arterial perfusion along with tissue hypoxia could produce macular oedema by exacerbating breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier 1728 29 In line with the association between diabetic maculopathy and nephropathy in type 2 diabetes is the higher frequency of macular oedema found by others in nephropathic diabetic patients with proteinuria 15. It is of particular interest that our study shows significant associations between maculopathy and neuropathy, taking into account peripheral as well as cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.…”

Maculopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: associations with risk factors

“…Even though we have not studied haemodynamic changes of the retina circulation in our patients, the present findings are consistent with data in the literature, providing evidence that increased arterial perfusion along with tissue hypoxia could produce macular oedema by exacerbating breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier 1728 29 In line with the association between diabetic maculopathy and nephropathy in type 2 diabetes is the higher frequency of macular oedema found by others in nephropathic diabetic patients with proteinuria 15. It is of particular interest that our study shows significant associations between maculopathy and neuropathy, taking into account peripheral as well as cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.…”

Vascular complications in relation to ethnicity in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

“…This result is an extension to NIDDM of the earlier observation in IDDM [26]. The positive association between SBP and retinopathy was also reported by Klein et al [27]. HbA 1c was significantly associated with retinopathy, which is in agreement with the general findings in epidemiological studies [28,29].…”

“…Our findings of glucose metabolism and confounding risk factors for the Caucasian group are consistent with the data of the subjects in the Hoorn study having known DM. Finally, our data support the well-established knowledge of previous reports [4,11,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The data presented here therefore offered some evidence in favour of representativeness.…”

The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XXII

“…Our data show that in comparison with glycemic control, blood pressure levels were less strongly associated with the progression and improvement of DR. We had previously reported relationships between blood pressure and the progression of DR, progression to PDR, and improvement of DR at the 14-year examination that was consistent with data from other studies of persons with type 1 diabetes 6,7,11,23,53,54. Systolic blood pressure was related to progression to PDR.…”

Maculopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: associations with risk factors

“…Even though we have not studied haemodynamic changes of the retina circulation in our patients, the present findings are consistent with data in the literature, providing evidence that increased arterial perfusion along with tissue hypoxia could produce macular oedema by exacerbating breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier 1728 29 In line with the association between diabetic maculopathy and nephropathy in type 2 diabetes is the higher frequency of macular oedema found by others in nephropathic diabetic patients with proteinuria 15. It is of particular interest that our study shows significant associations between maculopathy and neuropathy, taking into account peripheral as well as cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.…”

Vascular complications in relation to ethnicity in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

“…This result is an extension to NIDDM of the earlier observation in IDDM [26]. The positive association between SBP and retinopathy was also reported by Klein et al [27]. HbA 1c was significantly associated with retinopathy, which is in agreement with the general findings in epidemiological studies [28,29].…”

“…Our findings of glucose metabolism and confounding risk factors for the Caucasian group are consistent with the data of the subjects in the Hoorn study having known DM. Finally, our data support the well-established knowledge of previous reports [4,11,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The data presented here therefore offered some evidence in favour of representativeness.…”

The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XXII

“…Our data show that in comparison with glycemic control, blood pressure levels were less strongly associated with the progression and improvement of DR. We had previously reported relationships between blood pressure and the progression of DR, progression to PDR, and improvement of DR at the 14-year examination that was consistent with data from other studies of persons with type 1 diabetes 6,7,11,23,53,54. Systolic blood pressure was related to progression to PDR.…”

Maculopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: associations with risk factors

“…Even though we have not studied haemodynamic changes of the retina circulation in our patients, the present findings are consistent with data in the literature, providing evidence that increased arterial perfusion along with tissue hypoxia could produce macular oedema by exacerbating breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier 1728 29 In line with the association between diabetic maculopathy and nephropathy in type 2 diabetes is the higher frequency of macular oedema found by others in nephropathic diabetic patients with proteinuria 15. It is of particular interest that our study shows significant associations between maculopathy and neuropathy, taking into account peripheral as well as cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.…”

Vascular complications in relation to ethnicity in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

“…This result is an extension to NIDDM of the earlier observation in IDDM [26]. The positive association between SBP and retinopathy was also reported by Klein et al [27]. HbA 1c was significantly associated with retinopathy, which is in agreement with the general findings in epidemiological studies [28,29].…”

“…Our findings of glucose metabolism and confounding risk factors for the Caucasian group are consistent with the data of the subjects in the Hoorn study having known DM. Finally, our data support the well-established knowledge of previous reports [4,11,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The data presented here therefore offered some evidence in favour of representativeness.…”

The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XXII

“…Our data show that in comparison with glycemic control, blood pressure levels were less strongly associated with the progression and improvement of DR. We had previously reported relationships between blood pressure and the progression of DR, progression to PDR, and improvement of DR at the 14-year examination that was consistent with data from other studies of persons with type 1 diabetes 6,7,11,23,53,54. Systolic blood pressure was related to progression to PDR.…”