A Coherent on Receive X-Band Marine Radar for Ocean Observations

Abstract

Marine radars are increasingly popular for monitoring meteorological and oceanographic parameters such as ocean surface wind, waves and currents as well as bathymetry and shorelines. Within this paper a coherent on receive marine radar is introduced, which is based on an incoherent off the shelf pulsed X-band radar. The main concept of the coherentization is based on the coherent on receive principle, where the coherence is achieved by measuring the phase of the transmitted pulse from a leak in the radar circulator, which then serves as a reference phase for the transmitted pulse. The Doppler shift frequency can be computed from two consecutive pulse-pairs in the time domain or from the first moment of the Doppler spectrum inferred by means of a short time Fast Fourier Transform. From the Doppler shift frequencies, radial speed maps of the backscatter of the ocean surface are retrieved. The resulting backscatter intensity and Doppler speed maps are presented for horizontal as well as vertical polarization, and discussed with respect to meteorological and oceanographic applications.

Surface Wave and Roller Dissipation Observed With Shore‐Based Doppler Marine Radar

“…The radar used in this study is a coherent-on-receive marine radar developed at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon (Hereon, formerly Helmholtz-Zentrum Geethacht, HZG) in collaboration with the Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University (ETU-LETI). A detailed description of Hereons marine radar is given by Horstmann et al (2021). The radar system consists of an off-the-shelf X-band (9.48 GHz) marine radar (GEM Leonardo series).…”

High-Resolution Radar Sensing Sea Surface States During AMK-82 Cruise

“…Detection and classification of ice types are also possible when analyzing radar images of the sea surface with SAR [14] or DMR [15]. In [15], the DMR of Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthach, as well as in [1], is also used for ice detection in DMR images, however, ice-type classification was not posted.…”

“…Detection and classification of ice types are also possible when analyzing radar images of the sea surface with SAR [14] or DMR [15]. In [15], the DMR of Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthach, as well as in [1], is also used for ice detection in DMR images, however, ice-type classification was not posted. The results presented below illustrate the aforementioned phenomena in the Arctic seas, which are not visible in SAR images due to their small scale and inadequate resolution of the available SAR data.…”

“…Kinematic characteristics of processes, such as internal waves [6], convergence zones, and film slicks [23], are recovered due to the periodicity of the sea surface survey. The applications of radar sense to the problems of determining the spectrum of wind waves and the surface current velocity are described in [15], [18], [21], [22] and [1], [16], [19], [24], respectively.…”

“…Ice detection based on marine radar data is implemented by some manufacturers, for example, Rutter, Furuno, etc. An example of using MR and DMR for this purpose is given in [25] and [15], respectively. In addition to the ice detection, the issue of the ice classification is also important, especially for marine navigation and hydrometeorology.…”