A Clone of the Russian Wheat Aphid (<i>Diuraphis noxia</i>) as a Vector of the Barley Yellow Dwarf, Barley Stripe Mosaic, and Brome Mosaic Viruses

Damsteegt, V. D.; Gildow, F. E.; Hewings, A. D.; Carroll, T. W.

doi:10.1094/pd-76-1155

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…A. pisum is a well known vector of plant viruses [ 15 ] and expanded its host range in legumes through the development of host races that are specific to a plant species [ 16 , 17 ]. D. noxia is not a vector of plant viruses [ 18 ], and feeds upon over 140 species in 40 genera of graminaceous plants including wheat and barley [ 19 ]. This species demonstrates the ability to develop virulent strains, termed biotypes, in response to single gene-based resistance in wheat [ 20 - 22 ] which follows a virulence gene-resistance gene model often associated with plant-parasite relationships [ 23 - 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov, is one of the most important pests of small grains throughout the temperate regions of the world. This phytotoxic aphid causes severe systemic damage symptoms in wheat, barley, and other small grains as a direct result of the salivary proteins it injects into the plant while feeding.ResultsWe sequenced and de novo assembled the genome of D. noxia Biotype 2, the strain most virulent to resistance genes in wheat. The assembled genomic scaffolds span 393 MB, equivalent to 93% of its 421 MB genome, and contains 19,097 genes. D. noxia has the most AT-rich insect genome sequenced to date (70.9%), with a bimodal CpG(O/E) distribution and a complete set of methylation related genes. The D. noxia genome displays a widespread, extensive reduction in the number of genes per ortholog group, including defensive, detoxification, chemosensory, and sugar transporter groups in comparison to the Acyrthosiphon pisum genome, including a 65% reduction in chemoreceptor genes. Thirty of 34 known D. noxia salivary genes were found in this assembly. These genes exhibited less homology with those salivary genes commonly expressed in insect saliva, such as glucose dehydrogenase and trehalase, yet greater conservation among genes that are expressed in D. noxia saliva but not detected in the saliva of other insects. Genes involved in insecticide activity and endosymbiont-derived genes were also found, as well as genes involved in virus transmission, although D. noxia is not a viral vector.ConclusionsThis genome is the second sequenced aphid genome, and the first of a phytotoxic insect. D. noxia’s reduced gene content of may reflect the influence of phytotoxic feeding in shaping the D. noxia genome, and in turn in broadening its host range. The presence of methylation-related genes, including cytosine methylation, is consistent with other parthenogenetic and polyphenic insects. The D. noxia genome will provide an important contrast to the A. pisum genome and advance functional and comparative genomics of insects and other organisms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1525-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains

et al. 2015

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“…In 2000 in Slovakia it received a status of the most important pest of summer barley (Lukáš et al 2001). It is reported as a virus vector of Barley strip mosaic virus (BSMV), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Brome mosaic virus (BMV) (Damsteegt et al 1992).…”

Section: The Threat To Cereal Crops In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphids of the genus Diuraphis caught by Johnson suction trap in Poznań, Poland

Strażyński¹,

Ruszkowska²,

Krówczyńska³

2016

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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“…These factors all have the potential to impact host selection behavior as insects orient to plants and assess their suitability. Antixenotic resistance can be especially useful against species such as D. noxia that not only damage plants directly, but also serve as vectors of economically important plant viruses among multiple commodities (Damsteegt et al, 1992;Qureshi & Michaud, 2005), since any feeding aversion will reduce virus transmission. In this article, we report the results of a series of choice experiments in which both alatae and apterae of biotype 1 and biotype 2 D. noxia were permitted to colonize various combinations of wheat cultivars in simultaneous choice tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential colonization of wheat cultivars by two biotypes of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

2005

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Susceptible and resistance wheat cultivars, Triticum aestivum L, were presented to two biotypes of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in multiple choice tests to assay their relative acceptability as host plants. Both apterae (third and fourth instars) and alate adults were offered plants at the two-leaf stage in different cultivar combinations at 22 1 and 16: 8 (L: D) hour photoperiod. Apterae were released from Petri dishes in the center of a circle of test plants, whereas alatae dispersed from a mature aphid colony to settle on plants arranged in rows. Both alatae and apterous nymphs of both biotypes readily colonized all cultivars tested: 2137 , Akron , Ankor , Halt , Jagger , Prairie Red , Stanton , TAM107 , TAM110 , Trego , Yuma , and Yumar . Fewer biotype 1 apterae responded (settled and fed) in the combination containing more resistant (Dn4-and Dny-expressing) cultivars, compared to the combinations that had fewer. The reverse was true for biotype 2 apterae; more aphids responded in the combination containing the largest number of Dn4 expressing cultivars. Differential colonization of cultivars was observed in only one combination, in which biotype 2 apterae colonized Akron and Yumar in larger numbers than they did Stanton and Yuma. A separate experiment confirmed that, 48 hours after infestation, more biotype 2 apterae abandoned plants of Yuma than plants of Yumar. This differential response was likely due to genetic differences between the two near isogenic lines that include the lack of Dn4 expression in Yuma. Choice tests with alatae did not result in differential rates of cultivar colonization by either biotype in any combination tested. These results suggest that young wheat plants appear to lack any meaningful antixenosis toward D. noxia, even though the aphids appear to perceive, and sometimes respond to, certain differences in cultivar suitability.

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A Clone of the Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia) as a Vector of the Barley Yellow Dwarf, Barley Stripe Mosaic, and Brome Mosaic Viruses

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

The genome of Diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains

The genome of Diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains

Aphids of the genus Diuraphis caught by Johnson suction trap in Poznań, Poland

Differential colonization of wheat cultivars by two biotypes of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

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