A clinicopathological study of B-cell differentiation markers and transcription factors in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a potential prognostic role of MUM1/IRF4

A molecular risk score based on 4 functional pathways for advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma

“…This gene is an interferon regulatory factor, lymphocyte specific, induced after nuclear factor-B (NF-B) activation, which controls B-cell proliferation and differentiation and has recently been shown to be up-modulated by CD40 engagement in HL cells. 39 Interestingly, the lack of IRF4 protein has been previously associated with outcome in cHL, 40 representing a potential adverse prognostic factor. In addition, both IRF4 and BCL2L1 represent well-known NF-B target genes 41,42 whose expression is induced after NF-B pathway activation.…”

Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma shows epigenetic features of abortive plasma cell differentiation

“…immunohistological expression of IRF4 or late class switch recombination events in cHL cell lines). 18,34,35,38 To explore the relation of cHL and plasma cells at the epigenetic level, we investigated the global histone H3 acetylation pattern in cHL and PCM cell lines and, for comparison, in several B-cell lines. These acetylation data were supplemented with the H3K27 trimethylation status for selected genes and the functional impact of these epigenetic patterns on the transcriptome was determined.…”

“…Interestingly, these 17 genes included IRF4/MUM1, which is known to be consistently expressed in cHL and PCM cells. 34,35 In order to generate a list of genes highly specifically acetylated exclusively in cHL cell lines we removed these 17 genes from cHLAc which resulted in 194 genes. The color code corresponding to the various intersections in Figure 2 was also applied to the respective genes in Online Supplementary Table S3.…”

Biologic features of Hodgkin lymphoma and the development of biologic prognostic factors in Hodgkin lymphoma: Tumor and microenvironment

“…In the interest of brevity we will focus on more recent studies in which more than one group has reached similar findings or where recent advances in biological information supports evaluation of new markers. In general, markers can be divided into apoptosis related markers [31,[106][107][108][109][110][111][112], proliferation and cell cycle related markers [107,111,113,114], lineage or differentiation markers [112][113][114][115][116][117][118], and markers related to the non-neoplastic inflammatory cell infiltrate [113,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127].…”